Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers are disclosed which have processability similar to highly branched low density polyethylene (LDPE), but the strength and toughness of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). The polymers have processing indices (PI's) less than or equal to 70 percent of those of a comparative linear olefin polymer and a critical shear rate at onset of surface melt fracture of at least 50 percent greater than the critical shear rate at the onset of surface melt fracture of a traditional linear olefin polymer at about the same I2 and Mw?Mn. The novel polymers can also have from 0.01 to 3 long chain branches/1000 carbons along the polymer backbone and have higher low/zero shear viscosity and lower high shear viscosity than comparative linear olefin polymers. The novel polymers can also be characterized as having a melt flow ratio, I10/I2, » 5.63, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn, defined by the equation: Mw/Mn « (I10/I2) - 4.63, and a critical shear stress at onset of gross melt fracture greater than 4 x 10?6? dyne/cm2.

Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers

This invention provides a compositions that are useful for polymerizing at least one monomer into at least one polymer.

Compositions that can produce polymers

Amongst the current developments in the field of hierarchical pore structures, the creation of mesopores in zeolite crystals is the most frequently employed way to combine micropores with mesopores in one material. In this review an overview is presented of the different approaches to generate and characterize mesopores in zeolite crystals and establish their impact on the catalytic action. Mesopores can be created via several routes from which steaming and acid leaching are the most frequently applied. Novel approaches using secondary carbon templates that are removed after synthesis have recently been launched. For the characterization of mesopores, nitrogen physisorption and electron microscopy are commonly used. More recently, it was shown that electron tomography, a form of three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy, is able to reveal the three-dimensional shape, size, and connectivity of the mesopores. The effect of the presence of mesopores for catalysis is demonstrated for several industri...

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Generation, Characterization, and Impact of Mesopores in Zeolite Catalysts

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of pine wood sawdust and furan (a model biomass compound) with ZSM-5 based catalysts was studied with three different reactors: a bench scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor, a fixed bed reactor and a semi-batch pyroprobe reactor The highest aromatic yield from sawdust of 14% carbon in the fluidized bed reactor was obtained at low biomass weight hourly space velocities (less than 05 h−1) and high temperature (600 °C) Olefins (primarily ethylene and propylene) were also produced with a carbon yield of 54% carbon The biomass weight hourly space velocity and the reactor temperature can be used to control both aromatic yield and selectivity At low biomass WHSV the more valuable monocyclic aromatics are produced and the formation of less valuable polycyclic aromatics is inhibited Lowering the reaction temperature also results in more valuable monocyclic aromatics The olefins produced during the reaction can be recycled to the reactor to produce additional aromatics Propylene is more reactive than ethylene Co-feeding propylene to the reactor results in a higher aromatic yield in both continuous reactors and higher conversion of the intermediate furan in the fixed bed reactor When olefins are recycled aromatic yields from wood of 20% carbon can be obtained After ten reaction–regeneration cycles there were metal impurities deposited on the catalyst, however, the acid sites on the zeolite are not affected Of the three reactors tested the batch pyroprobe reactor yielded the most aromatics, however, the aromatic product is largely naphthalene The continuous reactors produce less naphthalene and the sum of aromatics plus olefin products is higher than the pyroprobe reactor

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Production of green aromatics and olefins by catalytic fast pyrolysis of wood sawdust

On the interpretation of the NH3-TPD patterns of H-ZSM-5 and H-mordenite

On the nature of framework Brønsted and Lewis acid sites in ZSM-5

Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking processes can be attained by the addition to conventional cracking catalysts of very small amounts of additive catalyst comprising a class of zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12. The additive catalyst is added to the conventional cracking catalyst in the cracking process in an amount which provides the zeolite component of the additive catalyst at from about 0.01 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent of the conventional cracking catalyst in the cracking process.

Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking

The invention relates to a process for catalytically hydrodewaxing hydrocarbon feedstocks over zeolite ZSM-22 to produce high yields of low pour, high viscosity index hydrocracked lubricating oil stock.

Catalytic process for manufacture of low pour lubricating oils

A catalytic process is provided for converting gaseous feedstocks containing ethane to liquid aromatics by contacting said gaseous feeds in the absence of added air or oxygen, under conversion conditions, with a crystalline zeolite catalyst having incorporated therein a minor amount of gallium, thereby converting the ethane in the feedstock to aromatics and recovering a liquid mixture of benzene, toluene and xylene.

Arthur W. Chester

Papers

On the nature of framework Brønsted and Lewis acid sites in ZSM-5

Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking

Catalytic process for manufacture of low pour lubricating oils

Process for converting ethane to aromatics over gallium-activated zeolite

Quantitative characterization of mixing processes in rotary calciners