Synthesis and application of epoxy resins: A review

Polymer nanocomposites have been investigated for about three decades. To get deep insights into the modifying effects of various nanofillers on mechanical and physical properties of polymer nanocomposites, the three basic aspects of processing, characterization and properties are critically reviewed in this paper. Nanofillers can be classified into three major types of two-dimensional (2D) layered, one-dimensional (1D) fibrous and zero-dimensional (0D) spherical ones and this review thus discusses in detail the processing, characterization and properties of the three types of polymer nanocomposites. It starts with an introduction of various nanoscale fillers such as two-dimensional (2D) nano-clay, graphene and MXene, one dimensional (1D) carbon nanofibers and nanotubes, zero dimensional (0D) silica nanoparticles and ZnO quantum dots as well as nanofiller-polymer interfaces. The processing of these polymer nanocomposites using different methods and the characterization of nanofillers and polymer nanocomposites using various techniques are described. Finally, the mechanical and physical properties of these polymer nanocomposites are discussed by considering the effects of nanofiller type, dispersion and contents; also, interface properties show significant effects on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites and are discussed in some details.

Some basic aspects of polymer nanocomposites: A critical review

Epoxy is a crucial engineered thermosetting polymer with wide industrial applications in adhesive, electronics, aerospace and marine systems In this review, basic knowledge of epoxy resins and the challenge for the preparation of epoxy nanocomposites are summarized The state-of-art multifunctional epoxy nanocomposites with magnetic, electrically conductive, thermally conductive, and flame retardant properties of the past few years are critically reviewed with detailed examples The applications of epoxy nanocomposites in aerospace, automotives, anti-corrosive coatings, and high voltage fields are briefly summarized This knowledge will have great impact on the field and will facilitate researchers in seeking new functions and applications of epoxy resins in the future

An overview of multifunctional epoxy nanocomposites

Carbon nanomaterials are receiving worldwide attention because of their multi-faceted superiority in thermal conductivity, flame retardancy, mechanical stability, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. In this review, a survey of the literature on extending performance of epoxy resins based on carbon nanomaterials is presented. The structure-performance relationships for different carbon nanomaterials modified epoxy are closely analyzed. The performance extension in mechanical, electrical, thermal conductivity, flame retardancy, antidegradation, and tribological properties of epoxy are reviewed in detail. Other application areas including biocompatibility, biodegradability, gas barrier properties, shape memory, and electromagnetic interference shielding are touched. The challenges and opportunities in carbon nanomaterials functionalized epoxy composites are also discussed.

A review of extending performance of epoxy resins using carbon nanomaterials

Fracture properties prediction of clay/epoxy nanocomposites with interphase zones using a phase field model

The review renders a short background on the research work carried out on epoxy clay nanocomposites Clays are one of the ideal nano reinforcements for polymers because of their high intercalation chemistry and aspect ratio Epoxy clay nanocomposites are finding vast applications in various industries like aerospace, defense, automobile, etc The physical and chemical properties of the epoxy systems are influenced by the processing techniques, clay modifier and curing agents used for the preparation of nanocomposites The clay morphology (intercalation/exfoliation) of the nanocomposites is also depended on the above parameters So the emphasis of the present work is to highlight these parameters on morphology and the final mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of the nanocomposites The proposed applications of the epoxy clay nanocomposites are also discussed

Epoxy clay nanocomposites ― processing, properties and applications: A review

Abstract Herein we report encapsulation approaches for Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) encapsulated zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 (CdS@ZIF-8), such as “bottle-around-the-ship” and “ship-in-the-bottle.” In this study, these composites were evaluated for antibacterial and DNA-binding properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles using ZIF-8 as a capping agent. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Characterization studies revealed that both encapsulation approaches provided different morphologies to the encapsulated framework. The antibacterial activity of the as-fabricated nanocomposite, in which ZIF-8 acts as a capping agent, was more effective against Escherichia coli (E. coli) than Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Furthermore, DNA-binding studies of nanocomposites performed by UV absorption spectroscopic titration method in E. coli genomic DNA indicated that DNA binding occurs along with cleavage. Therefore, the designed nanocomposites demonstrate great promise for future anticancer research.

Asif Abdul Azeez

Papers

Epoxy clay nanocomposites ― processing, properties and applications: A review

Encapsulation strategies for improving the biological behavior of CdS@ZIF-8 nanocomposites