Astrid A. T. M. Bosch

TL;DR: A theoretical model is proposed to summarize and illustrate mechanisms by which specific bacterial–bacterial and viral-bacterial interactions that occur in the upper respiratory niche might be mediated and provide better insight into the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.

TL;DR: It is found that children experiencing a higher number of RTIs in the first year of life already demonstrate an aberrant microbial developmental trajectory from the first month of life on as compared with the reference group, which supports the idea that microbiota form the mediator between early‐life environmental risk factors for and susceptibility to RTIs over the firstyear of life.

TL;DR: In a cohort of infants unexposed to maternal antibiotics, the authors analyse the gut microbiome development of children born naturally and by caesarean section, finding a higher abundance of known pathogens in the latter group, and an association between these bacteria and a higher incidence of respiratory infections in the first year of life.

TL;DR: A strong association between breastfeeding and microbial community composition in the upper respiratory tract of 6-week-old infants is suggested and observed differences in microbial community profile may contribute to the protective effect of breastfeeding on respiratory infections and wheezing in early infancy.

TL;DR: It is shown that the respiratory microbiota develops within one day from a variable mixed bacterial community towards a Streptococcus viridans-predominated profile, regardless of mode of delivery, in infants born by Caesarian section.