This document is an international evidence-based guideline on the diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and is a collaborative effort of the American Thoracic Society, the European Respiratory Society, the Japanese Respiratory Society, and the Latin American Thoracic Association. It represents the current state of knowledge regarding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and contains sections on definition and epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, natural history, staging and prognosis, treatment, and monitoring disease course. For the diagnosis and treatment sections, pragmatic GRADE evidence-based methodology was applied in a question-based format. For each diagnosis and treatment question, the committee graded the quality of the evidence available (high, moderate, low, or very low), and made a recommendation (yes or no, strong or weak). Recommendations were based on majority vote. It is emphasized that clinicians must spend adequate time with patients to discuss patients' values and preferences and decide on the appropriate course of action.

An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Statement: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Evidence-Based Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management

March 5, 2019 e1 WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, FAHA, Chair Paul Muntner, PhD, MHS, FAHA, Vice Chair Alvaro Alonso, MD, PhD, FAHA Marcio S. Bittencourt, MD, PhD, MPH Clifton W. Callaway, MD, FAHA April P. Carson, PhD, MSPH, FAHA Alanna M. Chamberlain, PhD Alexander R. Chang, MD, MS Susan Cheng, MD, MMSc, MPH, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, MBA, FAHA Francesca N. Delling, MD, MPH Luc Djousse, MD, ScD, MPH Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MS, FAHA Jane F. Ferguson, PhD, FAHA Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD, FAHA Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc Brett M. Kissela, MD, MS Kristen L. Knutson, PhD Tak W. Kwan, MD, FAHA Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Tené T. Lewis, PhD Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Matthew Shane Loop, PhD Pamela L. Lutsey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Seth S. Martin, MD, MHS, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Andrew E. Moran, MD, MPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Martin O’Flaherty, MD, MSc, PhD Ambarish Pandey, MD, MSCS Amanda M. Perak, MD, MS Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, MS, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH, FAHA Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, MD, MBA, MPH, FAHA Gary M. Satou, MD, FAHA Emily B. Schroeder, MD, PhD, FAHA Svati H. Shah, MD, MHS, FAHA Nicole L. Spartano, PhD Andrew Stokes, PhD David L. Tirschwell, MD, MS, MSc, FAHA Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH, Vice Chair Elect Mintu P. Turakhia, MD, MAS, FAHA Lisa B. VanWagner, MD, MSc, FAST John T. Wilkins, MD, MS, FAHA Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA, Chair Elect On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Each chapter listed in the Table of Contents (see next page) is a hyperlink to that chapter. The reader clicks the chapter name to access that chapter.

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Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together in a single document the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and the cardiovascular risk factors listed in the AHA’s My Life Check - Life’s Simple 7 (Figure1), which include core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure [BP], and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update represents …

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.

Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovas...

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

The reference human genome sequence set the stage for studies of genetic variation and its association with human disease, but epigenomic studies lack a similar reference. To address this need, the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium generated the largest collection so far of human epigenomes for primary cells and tissues. Here we describe the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes generated as part of the programme, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression. We establish global maps of regulatory elements, define regulatory modules of coordinated activity, and their likely activators and repressors. We show that disease- and trait-associated genetic variants are enriched in tissue-specific epigenomic marks, revealing biologically relevant cell types for diverse human traits, and providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease. Our results demonstrate the central role of epigenomic information for understanding gene regulation, cellular differentiation and human disease.

Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ammonia decomposition catalyst having extremely high catalyst activity by uniformly dispersing ruthenium which is active species on a carrier and supporting it thereon, and to provide an ammonia decomposition method using the catalyst.SOLUTION: A ruthenium-supported catalyst in which ruthenium is uniformly supported on a carrier containing basic magnesium carbonate, having a high specific surface area, and having a peak in a pore size distribution near 30Å, is produced by depositing a magnesium compound and a ruthenium compound by alkali metal carbonate in aqueous solution, followed by drying, firing and reduction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Ammonia decomposition catalyst, production method of catalyst, and ammonia decomposition method using catalyst

我々のグループは，これまで一酸化炭素を還元剤とする一酸化窒素選択還元触媒反応において，Ir/SiO2触媒およびタングステン，バリウムを添加した改良触媒（Ir/WO3-SiO2，Ba/Ir/WO3-SiO2）が高い活性を示すことを報告してきた。しかし，いずれも粉体触媒を用いた検討であり，その結果から各触媒の実用性能を比較し応用を考えるのは難しい。そこで，これらの触媒をモノリス状に調製し，活性，耐久性を検討した。 モノリス状の各触媒についてモデル排ガスを用いて200℃から600℃の間で昇降温を繰り返し活性試験を行ったところ，いずれの触媒も最初の昇温過程では活性が低いがそれに続く降温過程以降では高い活性を示し，反応の繰返しにより徐々に最適反応温度が高温化するとともに活性が低下した。粉体触媒の結果と比較すると，いずれの触媒も最高活性温度，CO酸化温度とも大幅に高温化し，特にタングステンを添加した触媒でその影響が大きかった。単位触媒重量あたりのガス処理量の増加やモノリス化による熱·物質移動の変化により差異がでたと推定された。一方，繰返し試験後の触媒活性序列と触媒劣化の速度は粉体触媒の結果と関連づけられた。劣化後の触媒ではいずれもIrO2の生成が確認され，還元再生できたので，劣化原因はイリジウムの酸化によると考えられた。Ba/Ir/WO3-SiO2が最も高い性能を示し，Ir金属の分散度が高くかつIr金属の耐酸化性が高いことが見出された。SO2が共存しない反応ガスを用いた反応試験において，酸化タングステンを含む担体を有する触媒ではSO2の影響は少ないが，Ir/SiO2触媒では大きな影響があることが確認された。

Catalytic Performance of Monolithic Ir/SiO2 Based Catalysts for Selective Reduction of NO with CO

The Methanol to olefins (MTO) and ethanol to olefins (ETO) reactions were compared under the similar operation conditions, and it was proved that both follow the different reaction mechanism over H-ZSM-5 catalysts. In MTO reaction, dimethyl ether (DME) acts as the initial intermediate, which then follows two different reaction pathways depending on the acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts, namely, the dehydration of DME into ethene over higher acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts and the merization of DME through hydrogen bonds into (DME)n (n = 2-4) complexes over lower acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts. Further, over higher acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts, ethene converts into propene and butene, and thereafter undergoes the oligomerization-craking-aromatization route to form other olefins, paraffins and aromatics. But over lower acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts, (DME)n complexes tend to transform into high even number of olefins that are easily cracked into small olefins. In the case of ETO reaction, ethene acts as the main reaction intermediate, which then transforms into propene and butene, and further proceeds through the oligomerization-craking-aromatization route to form other olefins, paraffins and aromatics products over H-ZSM-5 catalysts.

Mechanistic Difference of Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) and Ethanol-to-Olefins (ETO) Reactions over H-ZSM-5 Catalysts

PURPOSE:To detect the harmful embedded foreign matter in a color filter by a method wherein the surface image of the color filter on which white luminous flux is projected at a projection angle of about 80 deg. is formed into an image on a unidimensional CCD sensor by a light detecting lens set to a light detecting angle of about 80 deg. to scan the formed image. CONSTITUTION:In a projection system 4, the white light from a light source 41 such as a halogen lamp is converted to parallel light by a projection lens 42 and the parallel light is converted to luminous flux LT with definite width by a slit plate 43 to be projected on the surface of a color filter 15 at an angle theta1 of about 80 deg.. Whereas, a light detection system 5 is provided at a light detecting angle theta'1 of about 85 deg. and the surface image of the filter 15 is formed on a unidimensional CCD sensor 52 by a light detecting lens 51. A scanning signal is detected on the basis of a proper threshold value and the signal to a regular reflected light L'R is obtained and, by this method, harmful embedded foreign matter having a size of several mum or more is indirectly detected.

Atsushi Takahashi

Papers

Ammonia decomposition catalyst, production method of catalyst, and ammonia decomposition method using catalyst

Catalytic Performance of Monolithic Ir/SiO2 Based Catalysts for Selective Reduction of NO with CO

Mechanistic Difference of Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) and Ethanol-to-Olefins (ETO) Reactions over H-ZSM-5 Catalysts

Method for detecting embedded foreign matter in color filter and apparatus for inspecting foreign matter

Controlling reaction selectivity for sugar fatty acid ester synthesis by using resins with different basicities