1. Advantages of Chemical Redox Agents 878 2. Disadvantages of Chemical Redox Agents 879 C. Potentials in Nonaqueous Solvents 879 D. Reversible vs Irreversible ET Reagents 879 E. Categorization of Reagent Strength 881 II. Oxidants 881 A. Inorganic 881 1. Metal and Metal Complex Oxidants 881 2. Main Group Oxidants 887 B. Organic 891 1. Radical Cations 891 2. Carbocations 893 3. Cyanocarbons and Related Electron-Rich Compounds 894

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Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry

III. Foldamer Research 3910 A. Overview 3910 B. Motivation 3910 C. Methods 3910 D. General Scope 3912 IV. Peptidomimetic Foldamers 3912 A. The R-Peptide Family 3913 1. Peptoids 3913 2. N,N-Linked Oligoureas 3914 3. Oligopyrrolinones 3915 4. Oxazolidin-2-ones 3916 5. Azatides and Azapeptides 3916 B. The â-Peptide Family 3917 1. â-Peptide Foldamers 3917 2. R-Aminoxy Acids 3937 3. Sulfur-Containing â-Peptide Analogues 3937 4. Hydrazino Peptides 3938 C. The γ-Peptide Family 3938 1. γ-Peptide Foldamers 3938 2. Other Members of the γ-Peptide Family 3941 D. The δ-Peptide Family 3941 1. Alkene-Based δ-Amino Acids 3941 2. Carbopeptoids 3941 V. Single-Stranded Abiotic Foldamers 3944 A. Overview 3944 B. Backbones Utilizing Bipyridine Segments 3944 1. Pyridine−Pyrimidines 3944 2. Pyridine−Pyrimidines with Hydrazal Linkers 3945

A field guide to foldamers.

Fluorine has received great attention in all fields of science. “Small atom with a big ego” was the title of the Symposium at the ACS meeting in San Francisco in 2000, where a number of the current scientific and industrial aspects of fluorine chemistry made possible by the small size and high electronegativity of the atom were discussed. This small atom has provided mankind with significant benefits in special products such as poly(tetrafluroethylene) (PTFE), freon, fluoro-liquid crystals, optical fiber, pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds, and so on, all of which have their own unique properties that are otherwise difficult to obtain.1 For instance, at present, up to 30% of agrochemicals and 10% of pharmaceuticals currently used contain fluorine atoms. Therefore, organic fluorine compounds have received a great deal of interest and attention from the scientists involved in diverse fields of science and technology. Now, not only C-F bond formation but also selective C-F bond activation have become current subjects of active investigation from the viewpoint of effective synthesis of fluoroorganic compounds. The former is highlighted by designing a sophisticated fluorinating reagent for regioand stereocontrolled fluorination and developing versatile multifunctional and easily prepared building blocks. C-F bond formation has been treated extensively in several reviews2 and books.3 The latter is a subject that has been less explored but would be promising for selective defluorination of aliphatic fluorides, cross-coupling with aryl fluorides, and * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 81-78-803-5799. Fax: 81-78-803-5799. E-mail: amii@kobe-u.ac.jp and uneyamak@cc.okayamau.ac.jp. † Kobe University. ‡ Okayama University. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2119–2183 2119

C-F bond activation in organic synthesis.

Structure and magnetism of coordination polymers containing dicyanamide and tricyanomethanide

π-Bonding and the Lone Pair Effect in Multiple Bonds between Heavier Main Group Elements

MnII(N3)2(pyrazine). A 2-D layered structure consisting of ferromagnetically coupled 1-D {Mn(µ-1,1-N3)2}n chains

One major objective has been the preparation of compounds in which sp carbon chains span two metals, L{sub n}M(C){sub x}M`L`{sub n`} (I). There are now many examples of such C{sub 2} complexes. However, higher homologs remain much less well explored. We have been particularly attracted by the potential for charge transfer phenomena involving the metal termini in I. Several strategies have been utilized to prepare complexes of the type I. However, we felt that the deprotonation of ethynyl complexes L{sub n}MC=CH, or higher homologs, should afford nucleophilic conjugate bases that would allow syntheses of previously inaccessible classes of adducts. Thus, reactions of chiral rhenium ethynyl complexes and their structures are described here. 45 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Chemistry of Heteropolymetallic Carbon Complexes with MC2M', MC4M', and MC4M'C4M Linkages. Transmetalations of Lithiocarbon Complexes (.eta.5-C5Me5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(C.tplbond.CLi) and (.eta.5-C5Me5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(C.tplbond.CC.tplbond.CLi)

A new form of coordinated carbon: an unsupported linear c3 chain spanning two different transition metals

https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10164989

New families of coordinated carbon: oxidative coupling of an ethynyl complex to isolable and crystallographically characterized MC.tplbond.CC.tplbond.CM and +M:C:C:C:C:M+ assemblies

Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemistry of cis-dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes of Schiff bases derived from carbohydrazide, thiocarbohydrazide, and salicylaldehyde. Crystal structures of [MoO2(o-OC6H4CH:NN:CSNHN:CHC6H4OH-o)Me2SO] and [(MoO2)2(o-OC6H4CH:NN:CONN:CHC6H4O-o)(Me2SO)2].cntdot.0.5Me2SO

Atta M. Arif

Papers

MnII(N3)2(pyrazine). A 2-D layered structure consisting of ferromagnetically coupled 1-D {Mn(µ-1,1-N3)2}n chains

Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Chemistry of Heteropolymetallic Carbon Complexes with MC2M', MC4M', and MC4M'C4M Linkages. Transmetalations of Lithiocarbon Complexes (.eta.5-C5Me5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(C.tplbond.CLi) and (.eta.5-C5Me5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(C.tplbond.CC.tplbond.CLi)

A new form of coordinated carbon: an unsupported linear c3 chain spanning two different transition metals

New families of coordinated carbon: oxidative coupling of an ethynyl complex to isolable and crystallographically characterized MC.tplbond.CC.tplbond.CM and +M:C:C:C:C:M+ assemblies