https://www.eng.buffalo.edu/~bruneau/Engineering%20Structures%202010%20Cimellaro%20Reinhorn%20Bruneau.pdf

Framework for analytical quantification of disaster resilience

PART 1 DEALS WITH THE DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF THE SUBJECT: MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS SUBJECTED TO INDEPENDENT VIBRATIONS BY MEANS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS. THE ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS USED ARE NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS, HYDRODYNAMICS AND NUMERICAL METHODS. PART 2 EXAMINES SEISMIC MOVEMENTS, THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURES AND THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE SEISMIC DESIGN OF STRUCTURES.

Fundamentals of earthquake engineering

This paper presents a comprehensive model to quantify disaster resilience of systems that is defined as the capability to sustain functionality and recover from losses generated by extreme events. The model combines loss estimation and recovery models and can be applied to critical facilities (e.g. hospitals, military buildings, etc.), as well as utility lifelines (e.g. electric power systems, transportation networks, water systems etc.) that are crucial to the response of recovery processes, decisions and policies. Current research trend leads toward the definition of complex recovery models that are able to describe the process over time and the spatial definition of recovery (e.g. meta-models for the case of health care facilities). The model has been applied to a network of hospitals in Memphis, Tennessee. The resilience framework can be used as a decision support tool to increase the resilience index of systems, such as health care facilities, and reduce disaster vulnerability and consequences.

/pdf/seismic-resilience-of-a-hospital-system-y53hwnlpyh.pdf

Seismic resilience of a hospital system

This paper explores the operational and physical resilience of acute care facilities, recognizing that the key dimension of acute care facilities is not a simple engineering unit. Quantification of resilience is first approached from the broader societal context, from which the engineering subproblem is formulated, recognizing that, to operate, hospitals depend intricately on the performance of their physical infrastructure from the integrity of structural systems and nonstructural systems, lifelines, components, and equipment. Quantification relates the probability of exceeding floor accelerations and interstory drifts within a specified limit space, for the structural and nonstructural performance. Linear and nonlinear structural responses are considered, as well as the impact of retrofit or repair. Impact on time to recovery is considered in all cases. The proposed framework makes it possible to relate probability functions, fragilities, and resilience in a single integrated approach, and to further develop general tools to quantify resilience for sociopolitical-engineering decisions. DOI: 10.1193/1.2431396

/pdf/exploring-the-concept-of-seismic-resilience-for-acute-care-1peapvpk8g.pdf

Exploring the Concept of Seismic Resilience for Acute Care Facilities

Three dimensional static and dynamic analysis of structures : A physical approach with emphasis on earthquake engineering

Approximate natural frequencies for coupled shear walls

The seismic shear provisions of EC8 for ductile reinforced concrete walls, serving as the lateral load resisting system in multistorey building structures are re-examined. Two aspects are considered (1) single walls, or a system comprising a number of equal-length walls, (2) a resisting system comprising walls of different lengths. It is demonstrated, in light of recent parametric studies, that the EC8 provisions for walls in the medium- and high-ductility classes (DC-M and DC-H, respectively) are both in need of revision. Possible revisions of requirements and a design procedure for a wall system are presented.

The Seismic Shear Demand in Ductile Cantilever Wall Systems and the EC8 Provisions

Structures which collapse or are heavily damaged in destructive earthquakes are analyzed by engineers to determine why they performed so poorly and to find out how their design could have been improved. However, it is equally important for buildings that survived exceptionally strong shaking to be analyzed and an explanation given as to why they were able to do so.

During the San Fernando, California earthquake of February 9, 1971 buildings in the strongly shaken region showed both types of performance. For example, the new Olive View Hospital main building was severely damaged, and another major building collapsed whereas two buildings at the Veteran's Administration (VA) Hospital survived with no significant damage. These two hospitals were located just north of the major surface faulting, and the VA buildings were only V-, miles southwest of Pacoima Dam. The Dam was effectively over the center of energy release of the magnitude of 6.4 earthquake and the well-known Pacoima Dam accelerogram, with peak accelerations over 1g, was recorded on a steep ridge near the abutment of the Dam. The ground shaking at the VA hospital is thought to have been less severe than that recorded at Pacoima Dam, but more severe than that recorded at the Holiday Inn, which was approximately five miles south of the nearest point on the causative fault.

Two major structures collapsed at the Veteran's Administrative Hospital killing 46 persons, which accounted for most of the casualties in the earthquake. These buildings were constructed in the 1920's and were not designed to resist earthquakes. Within the immediate neighborhood of these collapsed buildings were two other major structures that were built in the 1930's and the 1940's in accordance with building codes requiring earthquake resistance, and these survived the San Fernando earthquake without significant damage. One of these structures is the subject of this report.

/pdf/the-response-of-veterans-hospital-building-41-in-the-san-r87xyfozka.pdf

The response of veterans hospital building 41 in the San Fernando earthquake

A direct P-delta analysis using standard plane frame computer programs

Effect of higher vibration modes on the seismic shear demand of reinforced concrete cantilever walls has been studied since the 1970’s. The shear amplification becomes more important with increasing fundamental period (tall buildings) and increasing ductility demand (R or q factors). Yet, studying the relevant recommendations of structural engineering researchers and provisions of various seismic codes reveals that there is no consensus regarding the extent of shear amplification and of the inter-wall distribution of shear demand in structural systems comprising walls of different lengths. The paper presents the available formulas for predicting shear amplification in ductile walls and dual systems (wall-frames). One effect that impacts the shear amplification is shear cracking mainly in the plastic hinge zone of the wall near the base leading to appreciably lower shear amplification than previously predicted. Post yield shear redistribution among interconnected unequal walls is also addressed. Finally, an extensive bibliography is provided.

Avigdor Rutenberg

Papers

Approximate natural frequencies for coupled shear walls

The Seismic Shear Demand in Ductile Cantilever Wall Systems and the EC8 Provisions

The response of veterans hospital building 41 in the San Fernando earthquake

A direct P-delta analysis using standard plane frame computer programs

Seismic shear forces on RC walls: review and bibliography