Because e-WOM is one of the useful digital marketing elements for any organization, a better understanding of its process will help individuals take more advantage of this concept. e-WOM enables individuals to form relationships with firms, brands, and other customers, which leads to benefits for both consumers and companies. It plays a significant role in a firm’s performance. The present study implements a different approach to reviewing by combining two bibliometric methods, multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), via Bibexcel software to have a deeper investigation of the process. Considering the 468 journal papers on e-WOM allowed us to study the intellectual streams and significant perceptions underpinning e-WOM. By dividing the study timeframe into three periods, we realized that there have always been three main concepts in this field: consumer behavior, sales, and the tourism and hotel industry. Further, by proposing a framework, we have expanded these concepts accompanied by the role of artificial intelligence and robots in the process of e-WOM. Consequently, new concepts “r-WOM”, “automated user engagement”, and “smart selling” are introduced and demonstrated as a consequence of using technology-based tools in the process of e-WOM. Finally, the future scope of this field has been designed. We contribute to the literature by offering theoretical and managerial implications. 

Let us talk about something: The evolution of e-WOM from the past to the future

The ovarian follicular and luteal developmental patterns of Jersey crossbred cattle (n = 6) and Murrah graded buffaloes (n = 6) were compared to test the hypothesis that the reduced reproductive effi ciency in buffaloes when compared with crossbred cattle might be due to variations in follicular and luteal dynamics The follicular and luteal developmental patterns were studied in two consecutive cycles (n = 12) in all the animals Ultrasonographic monitoring of ovarian follicular development throughout the oestrous cycle in crossbred cattle revealed that three (25 percent) and nine (75 percent) cycles had two waves and three waves, respectively In buffaloes, two (167 percent) and ten (833 percent) cycles had two waves and three waves, respectively In buffaloes, the dominant follicle (DF) of anovulatory waves reached the maximum size earlier and remained in the static phase for a signifi cantly (P < 005) greater number of days (20-22 days) than in crossbred cows (067-167 days), which indicated early loss of LH receptors in the dominant follicle (DF) of buffaloes The mean maximum diameter of the fi nal wave DF (ovulatory) was signifi cantly (P < 005) smaller (109 + 07 mm) and its growth rate was comparatively slower (173 + 010 mm / day) in buffaloes when compared with crossbred cattle (1333 + 072mm and 195 + 030 mm / day respectively) The smaller diameter and slow growth rate of the ovulatory follicle might be the cause for suboestrus and smaller CL in buffaloes Thus follicular and luteal dynamics of buffaloes differ signifi cantly in various vital parameters when compared with crossbred cattle, and this might contribute to their lower reproductive effi ciency

Comparative analysis of follicular and luteal dynamics in oestrous cycles of buffaloes and crossbred cattle

Tourist's engagement in eco-tourism: A review and research agenda

Present study was carried out to study the efficacy of intravaginal progesterone sponge for induction of estrum in post partum anoestrus buffaloes during summer. True anoestrus animals were identified by repeated rectal examinations twice at 10 days interval apart having the small and smooth ovaries without any follicular activity. Out of 40 animals identified, 30 were treated with intravaginal progesterone sponge for 10 days and PGF2 injection was given one day prior to removal of sponge. Remaining 10 animals were kept as anoestrus control without treatment. The animals were watched closely for change in external gentallia after sponge removal and for estrus symptoms. The animals exhibiting estrus were inseminated artificially. Estrus was induced in 80% of animals (24/30) and the conception rate was 66.66% (16/24). This result indicates the better possibilities of inducing ovarian cyclicity in functionally anoestrus buffaloes by cost effective intravaginal progesterone sponge.

Induction of Estrus and Fertility Response in True Anoestrus Buffaloes Using Intravaginal Progesterone Sponge During Summer

Post-partum suboestrous surti buffaloes of an organized farm confirmed by twice per-rectal palpation 11 days apart from 45 days post-partum were treated with 2 ml (500 g) of inj. cloprostenol sodium I/M route in first group (n=6) and 2 ml (500 g) of inj. cloprostenol sodium I/M route along with 5 ml inj. Vit. AD 3 E preparation and 15 ml inj. Toldimphos sodium preparation I/M route in second group (n=6) on 55 days postpartum after confirmation of ovarian cyclicity. Six animals of same status were kept as control to see the oestrus induction response and conception rate including evaluation of serum progesterone, just before (0 day) treatment and 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr after treatment. The service period and oestrus induction interval in days was found significantly lower in PGF 2  treated (T 1 and T 3 ) groups as compared to T 2 and control group which clear cut showed the luteolytic effect of PGF 2  on ovaries and earlier resumption of ovarian activities as compared to treatment (T 2 ) and control groups. Statistical analysis of the data generated in respect of the treatment on the progesterone concentration of the blood serum did not show any significant difference among the four groups of suboestrus surti buffaloes at 0 hr (prior to the treatment) and at 24 hr (post-treatment). Moreover, the mean serum progesterone values at 48 and 72 hr post-treatment between T 1 and T 3 (PGF 2  treated) groups as well as between treatment T 2 (Vit+P) and T 4 group (Control) did not differ significantly. However, the mean serum progesterone levels of T 1 and T 3 (PGF 2  treated) groups differed significantly from T 2 and T 4 groups at 48 and 72 hr post-treatment.

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Reproductive performance and progesterone profile in post-partum suboestrous surti buffaloes

Some studies on anoestrus buffaloes during low breeding season.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic study of important research trends and published electronic word of mouth (eWOM) studies over the past 20 years in the emerging economy. This research is designed to identify the key areas of eWOM based on the Antecedents-Consequence-Intervention (ACI) framework. This paper is also aimed to analyze the current research status of each WOM area and critically review each area for developing future research directions.Design/methodology/approach616 articles were selected from 112 journals for in-depth review analysis. For the systematic review of articles, an ACI framework was adopted. This paper used systematic review analysis methodology to critically analyze important research studies in each area of the ACI framework with a set of research questions.FindingsResults identify six significant areas of eWOM, i.e. WOM antecedents, outcomes, senders, receivers, eWOM platform and eWOM management representing the whole environment. The result highlights increasing research interest on mixed eWOM and rich eWOM content and market-level source credibility factors. Research also identifies research gaps based on the ACI framework.Originality/valueAnalyzing the recent trends in the eWOM environment with the SLR approach and linking these trends to the ACI framework with a future research agenda in the emerging market indicated a pioneering attempt in eWOM research.

Systematic review of eWOM literature in emerging economy using ACI framework


Purpose
Resilient firms are more likely to survive crisis. This paper aims to investigate the resilient behavior displayed by small and medium enterprise (SME) owners in the pandemic context and the sequence of antecedents leading to resilient behavior.


Design/methodology/approach
Seven SME owners, from different business sectors, were interviewed twice in 8 months, to assess their actions and underlying entrepreneurial resilience. A model was developed depicting the sequence of activities leading to entrepreneurial resiliency behavior. The study was conducted in the capital city of Odisha, an eastern Indian state.


Findings
The results indicate that entrepreneurial resiliency is manifested in various forms where the SME owners engage in bricolage. Resiliency has an inevitable time dimension, where SME owners estimate the period for which adversity is likely to persist. They focus on alternative action to demonstrate resiliency. It was also learnt that revenue management during a crisis requires entrepreneurial marketing with innovativeness, opportunity seeking and value creation to improve resiliency.


Research limitations/implications
This research is important for policymakers who can strengthen resiliency through the support and provision of adequate information to SME owners. Educators can use the model for discussion and pedagogy. Finally, SME owners can evaluate their response behaviors to a crisis and draw insights.


Originality/value
The approach of the study was longitudinal and qualitative. This study contributes to the literature gap on resiliency in the context of emerging markets and SMEs.


Role of entrepreneurial resilience in SMEs to promote marketing and entrepreneurship amid Covid19 challenges

Due to the availability of innovative financial products and services, financial engineering has expanded to include more practices and engineering techniques (FinTech, InsurTech, and other technologies). Financial engineering (FE) has succeeded through the stock market, financial instruments, and service developments. This study combines qualitative and quantitative approaches with bibliometric analysis to address a vacuum in financial literature. Co-citation, co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling analysis techniques are used to make inferences about the structure of FE research in finance from January 2007 to December 2022. The study used 347 filtered research articles from the Scopus database and processed through VOS-Viewer and Biblioshiny through “R” to justify study objectives. The relevance of authors, journals, and organizations in a contemporary topic study is recognized using bibliometrics analysis. The study topic analysis revealed that modern portfolio theory acknowledges the importance of FE’s revolutionary products, such as FinTech and InsurTech, as recent advances in risk management techniques. Future research could take a multi-dimensional approach based on the current theme. New research themes emerged from the study, i.e., Financial Engineering and emerging financial markets and risk management, investment and financial crisis, FinTech, and InsurTech innovation, and Option pricing.

A bibliometric analysis on financial engineering studies

Innovation plays a critical role in the growth of developing economies like India. The primary purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of research and development (R&D) and Information and communication technology (ICT) in firms’ innovation outcomes. The study uses data from firm-level surveys in India to examine the linkages of R&D and ICT on innovation outcomes and establishes linkages with policy elements to develop innovation ecosystems. The study uses a set of tobit regression models, generalized structural equations model and explorative content analysis to examine innovation outcomes of firms. The results indicate that both R&D and ICT parameters play a significant role in influencing innovation outcomes though they are moderated by the size of the firm and sector. The study adds to the existing literature on the resource-based view of the firm and also the literature on innovation management in the context of emerging economies. The authors examine the role of capabilities around R&D and ICT in influencing firm-level innovations.

Avinash Kumar Shrivastava

Papers

Some studies on anoestrus buffaloes during low breeding season.

Systematic review of eWOM literature in emerging economy using ACI framework

Role of entrepreneurial resilience in SMEs to promote marketing and entrepreneurship amid Covid19 challenges

A bibliometric analysis on financial engineering studies

Influence of R&D and ICT Capabilities on Innovation Performance: Evidence from Indian Firms