Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students. By Prof. Louis Goodman and Prof. Alfred Gilman. Pp. xiii + 1383. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941.) 50s. net.

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

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Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer : a Global Perspective : 食物、栄養、身体活動とがんの予防 : 世界的展望(後篇)

The terms 'antioxidant', 'oxidative stress' and 'oxidative damage' are widely used but rarely defined. This brief review attempts to define them and to examine the ways in which oxidative stress and oxidative damage can affect cell behaviour both in vivo and in cell culture, using cancer as an example.

Biochemistry of oxidative stress

Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease : Is the glycemic index important in human nutrition?

Background Citrus peels have been reported useful in folk medicine for the management of cardiovascular diseases, but there is dearth of information on the possible mechanisms for their therapeutic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of methanolic extracts from some citrus [lime (Citrus limon), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), shaddock (Citrus maxima)] peels on some enzymes relevant to the management of cardiovascular diseases [monoamine oxidase (MAO), phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE)]. Methods Effect of methanolic extracts of lime, tangerine and shaddock peels on MAO, PDE-5 and ACE were carried out using standard methods. In addition, the ability of the extracts to prevent oxidative damage in rat heart homogenates was also investigated. Finally, the total polyphenol content of extracts was determined. Results The results revealed that methanolic extracts of lime, tangerine and shaddock peels inhibited MAO, PDE-5, ACE and pro-oxidants induced lipid peroxidation in rat heart homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions Findings in this study revealed citrus peel methanolic extracts as natural inhibitor of enzymes (MAO, PDE-5 and ACE) implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, citrus peels could help in the management of cardiovascular diseases possibly through inhibition of these enzymes.

Modulatory effect of some citrus (Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Citrus maxima) peels on monoamine oxidase, phosphodiesterase-5 and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activities in rat heart homogenate.

A common observation with hypertensive patients is the depreciating ability to maintain an erection. The statistics in the occurrence of erectile dysfunction (ED) have recorded a spike owing to intake of anti-hypertensive drugs together with other contributing factors accompanying the development of ED amongst hypertensive patients. There are medication side-effects faced with high blood pressure (HBP) which promotes ED owing to prolonged intake of anti-hypertensive drugs. It is thus reasonable to state that new therapeutic drugs that addresses both ED, HBP and antihypertensive medication will be strategic interventions towards the decline of these conditions by targeting related enzymes and active proteins. Phytomedicinal plants are promising option in managing numerous diseases such as infertility, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes amongst others. Species variants of fig plants (Ficus species) also serve in the management of a wide range of diseases including hypertension and erectile dysfunction as a result of their aphrodisiac and cardio-protective properties owing to their high residual polyphenolic constituents. Hence, the consumption of ficus plants could possibly be beneficial in managing hypertension especially in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction.

Ficus plants in the Co-management of Hypertension and Erectile dysfunction

The modulatory effects of alkaloid extracts of Cannabis sativa, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tabacum and male Carica papaya on neurotransmitter, neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory systems linked to anxiety and depression

Background In Nigerian traditional medicine, Rauwolfia vomitoria has been reported to be useful in the management of various human diseases, but there is no relevant information to substantiate its involvement in managing diseases arising from vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress. However, this study sought to investigate the antioxidant property of R. vomitoria and its effect on phophodiesterase-5 activity in vitro. Methods The antioxidant property was assessed through ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), copper chelation, and ABTS radical-scavenging activity. In addition, the effect of R. vomitoria on phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) activity was assessed in vitro. Furthermore, analysis of phenolic compounds present in R. vomitoria was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The findings in this study revealed that R. vomitoria inhibited PDE-5 in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 252.42 μg/mL). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of R. vomitoria was established through FRAP (19.68 mg AAE/g), ABTS radical-scavenging ability (74.25 mmol TEAC/g), and Cu2+-chelating ability (IC50 = 0.13 mg/mL). Conclusions The antioxidant property of R. vomitoria and its inhibitory effect on PDE-5 could be useful in the management of diseases arising from vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress.

Ayokunle O. Ademosun

Papers

Modulatory effect of some citrus (Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Citrus maxima) peels on monoamine oxidase, phosphodiesterase-5 and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activities in rat heart homogenate.

Ficus plants in the Co-management of Hypertension and Erectile dysfunction

The modulatory effects of alkaloid extracts of Cannabis sativa, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tabacum and male Carica papaya on neurotransmitter, neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory systems linked to anxiety and depression

HPLC phenolic fingerprinting, antioxidant and anti-phosphodiesterase-5 properties of Rauwolfia vomitoria extract.

Anticholinesterase activity and antioxidant properties of Heinsia crinita and Pterocarpus soyauxii in Drosophila melanogaster model.