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With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

A novel crystal configuration of sandwiched S-Mo-Se structure (Janus SMoSe) at the monolayer limit has been synthesized and carefully characterized in this work. By controlled sulfurization of monolayer MoSe2 the top layer of selenium atoms are substituted by sulfur atoms while the bottom selenium layer remains intact. The peculiar structure of this new material is systematically investigated by Raman, photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and confirmed by transmission-electron microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Density-functional theory calculations are performed to better understand the Raman vibration modes and electronic structures of the Janus SMoSe monolayer, which are found to correlate well with corresponding experimental results. Finally, high basal plane hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is discovered for the Janus monolayer and DFT calculation implies that the activity originates from the synergistic effect of the intrinsic defects and structural strain inherent in the Janus structure.

Janus Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have generated great interest in the past few years as a new toolbox for electronics. This family of materials includes, among others, metallic graphene, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (such as MoS2), and insulating boron nitride. These materials and their heterostructures offer excellent mechanical flexibility, optical transparency, and favorable transport properties for realizing electronic, sensing, and optical systems on arbitrary surfaces. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel technology for constructing large-scale electronic systems based on graphene/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) heterostructures grown by chemical vapor deposition. We have fabricated high-performance devices and circuits based on this heterostructure, where MoS2 is used as the transistor channel and graphene as contact electrodes and circuit interconnects. We provide a systematic comparison of the graphene/MoS2 heterojunction contact to more traditional MoS2-metal junctions, as well as a theoretical investigation, using density functional theory, of the origin of the Schottky barrier height. The tunability of the graphene work function with electrostatic doping significantly improves the ohmic contact to MoS2. These high-performance large-scale devices and circuits based on this 2D heterostructure pave the way for practical flexible transparent electronics.

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Graphene-MoS2 Hybrid Technology for Large-Scale Two-Dimensional Electronics

High-precision gas sensors operated at room temperature are attractive for various real-time gas monitoring applications, with advantages including low energy consumption, cost effectiveness and device miniaturization/flexibility. Studies on sensing materials, which play a key role in good gas sensing performance, are currently focused extensively on semiconducting metal oxide nanostructures (SMONs) used in the conventional resistance type gas sensors. This topical review highlights the designs and mechanisms of different SMONs with various patterns (e.g. nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets, nanorods, nanotubes, nanofilms, etc.) for gas sensors to detect various hazardous gases at room temperature. The key topics include (1) single phase SMONs including both n-type and p-type ones; (2) noble metal nanoparticle and metal ion modified SMONs; (3) composite oxides of SMONs; (4) composites of SMONs with carbon nanomaterials. Enhancement of the sensing performance of SMONs at room temperature can also be realized using a photo-activation effect such as ultraviolet light. SMON based mechanically flexible and wearable room temperature gas sensors are also discussed. Various mechanisms have been discussed for the enhanced sensing performance, which include redox reactions, heterojunction generation, formation of metal sulfides and the spillover effect. Finally, major challenges and prospects for the SMON based room temperature gas sensors are highlighted.

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Advances in designs and mechanisms of semiconducting metal oxide nanostructures for high-precision gas sensors operated at room temperature

Resistive-type hydrogen gas sensor based on TiO2: A review

Large-area and high-quality two-dimensional crystals are the basis for the development of the next-generation electronic and optical devices. The synthesis of two-dimensional materials in wafer scales is the first critical step for future technology uptake by the industries; however, currently presented as a significant challenge. Substantial efforts have been devoted to producing atomically thin two-dimensional materials with large lateral dimensions, controllable and uniform thicknesses, large crystal domains and minimum defects. In this review, recent advances in synthetic routes to obtain high-quality two-dimensional crystals with lateral sizes exceeding a hundred micrometres are outlined. Applications of the achieved large-area two-dimensional crystals in electronics and optoelectronics are summarised, and advantages and disadvantages of each approach considering ease of the synthesis, defects, grain sizes and uniformity are discussed.

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Two-Dimensional Materials in Large-Areas: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

The influence of Nd substitution in Ni–Zn ferrites for the improved microwave absorption properties

Realization of highly selective and sensitive sensors for various emission gases at higher temperatures is a demanding task of combustion related applications. One of the challenges in meeting these requirements is to develop nano-structured and smart functional materials to detect and monitor emission gases selectively. This work describes the functionalization of TiO 2 -nanotubular layers for NO 2 -sensing through homogeneously distribution of Cr 3+ -doping. Fully incorporation of Cr into the TiO 2 lattice has been demonstrated by TEM, XPS and XRD analysis. No other oxide phase separation occurred even after annealing at temperatures up to 700 °C. By Cr-incorporation into the lattice, TiO 2 -NTs display p-type semiconducting sensing behaviour. As small as 2.5% Cr-doping of TiO 2 -NTs results in improvement of the high-temperature NO 2 -sensing capability in the temperature range of 300–500 °C and in concentrations between 25 and 100 ppm. Furthermore, the cross-sensitivity to CO has been reduced by doping as demonstrated during the mixed gas detection of NO 2 .

Nanotubular Cr-doped TiO2 for use as high-temperature NO2 gas sensor

In the context of efficient conversion of CO2 to high-value carbonaceous fuels, the development of photocatalysts for CO2 reduction having high solar-to-fuel energy efficiency with exceptional selectivity and long-term stability is the prime requisite of current research Herein, we reported a novel straddling band configuration based Cu2ZnSnS4/Pt-integrated g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst for CO2 reduction to carbonaceous fuels The heterojunction photocatalyst exhibited an enhanced CO2 reduction with an average CO/CH4 yield rates of 17351/7961 μmolg−1 h−1, which is ∼331 and ∼556 folds higher than pristine g-C3N4 The comprehensive analysis of heterojunction photocatalyst exhibited synergetic effects owing to higher surface area, efficient photon harvesting due to CZTS and multiple charge-transfer pathways together with Z-scheme charge transfer Moreover, the localized surface-plasmon-resonance (LSPR) and electron sink function of Pt led to an efficient interfacial charge carrier separation, surface site activation for CO2 reduction and in the consequence of that enhanced the photocatalytic performance

Azhar Ali Haidry

Papers

Resistive-type hydrogen gas sensor based on TiO2: A review

Two-Dimensional Materials in Large-Areas: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

The influence of Nd substitution in Ni–Zn ferrites for the improved microwave absorption properties

Nanotubular Cr-doped TiO2 for use as high-temperature NO2 gas sensor

Novel Cu2ZnSnS4/Pt/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst with straddling band configuration for enhanced solar to fuel conversion