Human factors in patient safety: Review of topics and tools: Report to WHO, Geneva

ObjectiveThe objectives of this meta-analysis are to explore the presently available empirical findings on the antecedents of trust in robots and use this information to expand upon a previous meta...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0018720820922080

Evolving Trust in Robots: Specification Through Sequential and Comparative Meta-Analyses:

Beyond data visualization: A context-realistic construction equipment training simulators

This is one of a Cultures of Consumption Series. It is based on two research projects. To over-simplify, this book is about the design and technology of kitchens: ‘ . . . in many practical respects truly at the centre of everyday life, or the subject of continual transformation and renewal’ (p. 15). The research is based on interviews with 40 householders about their kitchens and how they could be improved. A study of kitchen renewal connects theories of consumption with science and technology studies. The authors attempt to describe the relationships between cupboards, tables and appliances, and their users. They make interesting comments about improving kitchens on a do-ityourself (DIY) basis. They discuss ideas and concepts around which the design profession, they say, has been structured. From an ergonomics point of view, they comment on how people relate to products and about the kinds of values that can be added by design. They talk of ‘user-centred’ approaches and have a passing reference to ergonomic research. If the authors had adopted an ergonomic approach to their research, this book would not only have been improved but would be more valuable to ergonomists concerned with kitchen design and the equipment in the kitchens. An important chapter is concerned with the use of plastic in the kitchen. It has an interesting potted history of plastics and stresses how important the properties of plastics are, not only in regard to kitchen utensils and equipment but also the characteristics of plastic fabrics. They describe what they call the ‘Chromatic Revolution’ which has changed the colour of bathrooms, brushes and bowls from white to any colour one wants 7 this should (but may not) add to the enjoyment of meals and baths. A whole chapter is devoted to theories and practices of product design. This will be of interest to all designers, although it concentrates on the design of kitchen equipment from knives to refrigerators. Again, it is unfortunate that it makes no mention of the contributions that ergonomics can make to product design. However, in the final chapter (called ‘Products, Processes and Practices’), tribute at last is paid to ergonomics by a single reference to man-machine systems, although they might have chosen a more recent reference than Singleton 1974, (p. 149), however useful that book is. Overall, this will be a useful book for those involved in the design or redesign of kitchens and the utensils and equipment therein. It would have been a much more useful contribution to the literature if the authors had taken advantage of ergonomic concepts and research.

Safer Surgery: Analysing Behaviour in the Operating Theatre

Ce document rassemble les articles selectionnes par le comite de programme de la conference internationale francophone EIAH 2017 : 30 articles longs et 24 articles courts.

Actes de la Conférence EIAH 2017

Simulation and virtual reality-based learning of non-technical skills in driving: critical situations, diagnostic and adaptation

Les environnements virtuels permettent aux apprenants d'experimenter, de s'entrainer et de voir l'impact de leurs decisions. L'un des challenges informatiques est de pou-voir scenariser ces environnements en orientant le scenario vers des situations d'apprentissage. L'approche HUMANS vise pour cette scenarisation un ensemble d'objectifs souvent consideres comme contradictoires : la liberte d'action pour favoriser l'apprentissage par l'erreur, le caractere dynamique et l'efficacite du controle exerce sur le scenario pour garantir des apprentissages, la coherence des com-portements pour permettre l'explicabilite et l'adaptabilite du systeme necessaire pour la variabilite des scenarios.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01713199/document

HUMANS : suite logicielle pour la scénarisation d'environnements virtuels pour la formation à des situations socio-techniques complexes

Our ultimate purpose is to train individuals, in virtual environments, to handle critical situations. One of these critical situations are dilemmas. They refer to situations that lead to negative consequences whichever is the choice made by the protagonist. In critical contexts, it is crucial to know how to handle this kind of situations in order to prevent disastrous consequences from happening. Thus, people need to be exposed to various training situations in which they put in play and develop the appropriate skills. However, in complex domains, it is difficult-sometimes impossible-to write all the possible training scenarios. To address this problem, an automated generation approach is considered. In this article, we present KOBA, a scenario engine that automatically generates dilemma situations without having to write them beforehand. This engine uses knowledge models to extract the necessary properties for dilemmas to emerge. In this article, we present this approach and expose a proof of concept of the generation process.

/pdf/automated-dilemmas-generation-in-simulations-4tofm5crqs.pdf

Automated dilemmas generation in simulations

Critical situations are situations where a complementarity between technical and non-technical skills is crucial. Several critical dimensions characterize them. In order to train for such situations, simulation systems have to be able to generate scenarios where these dimensions are present in order to solicit one or several non-technical skills. In this paper we focus on one particular critical dimension which is the “Dilemma”. We present our approach for dynamically generating dilemma-based situations using activity and causality models.

/pdf/dynamic-generation-of-dilemmas-in-virtual-learning-pp3zsbujmg.pdf

Dynamic generation of dilemmas in virtual learning environments for non-technical skills training

Ecrire des scenarios pour la formation ou l'entrainement en environne-ment virtuel necessite un travail d'ecriture tres couteux. Nous proposons donc un systeme de generation dynamique de scenarios. Dans le cadre du projet MacCoy Critical nous souhaitons former les individus a la gestion des situations critiques. Les dilemmes en font partie. Ils correspondent aux situations ou il n'existe pas de bonne solution, c'est-a-dire ou l'individu est amene a faire un choix sacrifiant. Nous nous sommes interesses a la question suivante : comment generer des situations dilemmatiques sans avoir a les identifier et les ecrire au prealable ? Dans cet article, nous detaillons notre approche et expliquons comment nous les generons dynamiquement a partir de modeles de connaissances. Nos propos sont il-lustres par un exemple en conduite automobile.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01538619/document

Azzeddine Benabbou

Papers

Simulation and virtual reality-based learning of non-technical skills in driving: critical situations, diagnostic and adaptation

HUMANS : suite logicielle pour la scénarisation d'environnements virtuels pour la formation à des situations socio-techniques complexes

Automated dilemmas generation in simulations

Dynamic generation of dilemmas in virtual learning environments for non-technical skills training

Génération dynamique de dilemmes en environnement virtuel à partir de modèles de connaissances