Surface integrity in material removal processes: Recent advances

The aim of this study is to predict residual stress and hardness of a case-hardened steel samples based on the Barkhausen noise measurements. A data-based approach for building a prediction model proposed in the paper consists of feature generation, feature selection and model identification and validation steps. Features are selected with a simple forward-selection algorithm. A multivariable linear regression models are used in predictions. Throughout the selection and identification procedures a cross-validation is used to guarantee that the results are realistic and hold also for future predictions. The obtained prediction models are validated with an external validation data set. Prediction accuracy of the prediction models is good showing that the proposed modelling scheme can be applied to prediction of material properties.

Quantitative prediction of residual stress and hardness in case-hardened steel based on the Barkhausen noise measurement

This paper describes a method for detecting stress in the surface of magnetic materials, such as steels, based on the measurement of magnetic Barkhausen emissions. The paper presents a simple practical linear calibration curve that can be used to determine stress, and also provides a theoretical explanation of the reason for such a relationship. The influence of elastic tensile and compressive stresses of various magnitudes on the magnetic Barkhausen emissions was studied, with the objective of developing a technique for quantitative measurements of surface stress in machined steels. The peak amplitude of the Barkhausen emissions was found to correlate with both residual and applied stress, showing a clear rising trend for transition from compressive to tensile stress. The relationship between stress dependence of the maximum differential anhysteretic susceptibility and Barkhausen peak amplitude was observed. Plots of reciprocal values 1/χmax' and 1/VMBN max against stress showed a linear relationship providing a convenient method for detecting stress levels in near-surface regions from Barkhausen measurements.

A New Method for Evaluation of Mechanical Stress Using the Reciprocal Amplitude of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

Monitoring of grinding burn via Barkhausen noise emission in case-hardened steel in large-bearing production

The nondestructive Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) technique was applied for the evaluation of SAE 4140 and SAE 6150 steels after a Jominy end-quench test. Microstructures were also characterized by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and hardness tests. MBN measurements were performed on the same sample regions at three excitation frequencies. Different parameters of the measured signals (signal peak position and height, and Root mean square) were calculated. A relationship between mechanical hardness and MBN parameters was found for both materials, with the best correlation coefficient being found in low excitation frequency range.

Relation Between Magnetic Barkhausen Noise and Hardness for Jominy Quench Tests in SAE 4140 and 6150 Steels

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/56348/7EC4261F-5A2D-4799-8B45-45F6ECE70041.pdf

Magnetic Barkhausen emission technique for evaluation of residual stress alteration by grinding in case-carburised En36 steel

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/56347/42CDD7ED-1A8E-44A8-8D67-A4BCD66AF558.pdf

B.A. Shaw

Papers

Magnetic Barkhausen emission technique for evaluation of residual stress alteration by grinding in case-carburised En36 steel

Surface and subsurface stress evaluation in case-carburised steel using high and low frequency magnetic barkhausen emission measurements

Evaluation of applied and residual stresses in case-carburised En36 steel subjected to bending using the magnetic Barkhausen emission technique