Review of trends in biogas upgradation technologies and future perspectives

The objective of the present study is to scrutinize the influence of a binary blend of diesel–safflower oil biodiesel and ternary blends of diesel–biodiesel–pentanol on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel power generator. The test fuels were prepared on volume basis by splash blending and named as follows: B20, B20P5, B20P10, B20P15, and B20P20. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated, and direct-injection diesel engine at four engine loads with a constant engine speed of 3000 rpm. According to the results, ternary blends vaguely reduced BTE while increased BSFC up to 13.90% as compared to diesel. In addition, an increase in pentanol concentration has a considerable effect on the decrease in NOX emissions. It is noted that the addition of pentanol to diesel–biodiesel blend caused to lower emissions (CO, HC, and smoke), whereas CO2 emission increased noticeably thanks to the more complete combustion due to the excess oxygen content. Reviewing combustion analysis results, pentanol addition led to decrease heat release rate and lower ignition delay up to 15% blend ratio compared to diesel. Based on the present study, pentanol can be evaluated as a promising type of higher alcohol for the compression ignition engines in the near future.

The performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of an unmodified diesel engine running on the ternary blends of pentanol/safflower oil biodiesel/diesel fuel

Spirulina microalgae biodiesel – A novel renewable alternative energy source for compression ignition engine

A detailed investigation on the performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on the blend of diesel fuel, biodiesel and 1-heptanol (C7 alcohol) as a next-generation higher alcohol

Experimental investigation on the application of preheated fish oil ethyl ester as a fuel in diesel engine

The present study investigates various methods for reduction of CO2 emission in a Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) fuelled single cylinder CI engine. Combustion of KOME emits more CO2 due to longer carbon chain. The reduction in CO2 emission was done in three phases. In the first phase, low carbon pine oil (PO) fuel was blended with KOME in equal volume. The results indicated 7% reduction in CO2 emission for KOME-PO blend compared to KOME. In the second phase, methanol, n-butanol and acetone were blended on 20% volume basis with KOME-PO blend for further CO2 reduction. Mono ethanol amine (MEA) was injected in the exhaust for achieving minimum CO2 emission in the third phase. KOME-PO+MEA injection emits minimum CO2 emission compared to other blends. However, considering NO-CO2 trade-off, KOME-PO + methanol with amine injection is optimum for simultaneous reduction of both the pollutants.

Experimental investigation to reduce CO2 emission in a single cylinder CI engine using low carbon fuel blend with Karanja oil methyl ester and amine injection in the exhaust manifold

High-viscous neat neem oil (NO) with low-viscous wintergreen oil (WGO) may be used in diesel engines without any engine modification. Based on the previous experimental results, equal-volume blending of NO and WGO was prepared based on the optimum performance. The main aim of this experimental research is to improve the performance of NO–WGO blend using lower- and higher-order alcohol in terms of performance, emission and combustion parameters of the engine. All the experiments were conducted in a single-cylinder CI engine producing 5.2 kW power at a constant speed of 1500 rpm at variable loads. This research aims to compare the outcome of injection and blending of alcohol with NO and WGO blend at various load conditions. Alcohols, namely methanol, ethanol, hexanol and octanol, were identified and were injected in the inlet manifold along with intake air and also blended with the test fuels volumetrically. Based on the previous experimental results conducted with various injection rates of all the alcohols with NO50–WGO50, the optimum injection rate of each alcohol was identified on a mass basis based on the engine performance. Methanol, ethanol, hexanol and octanol blend and injection ratio was fixed at 30%, 30%, 20% and 10% on a mass basis. According to engine combustion, performance and emissions results, the injection of hexanol and octanol had the result of improving brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and exhaust gas temperatures compared to other blends. The maximum pressure and heat release rate for all the hexanol and octanol alcohol injection blends were higher at higher loads. The HC, CO and smoke emissions were lower with Hex20 and Oct10 with NO50–WGO50 blends injection. The decrease in emissions is a result of homogeneous mixture formation within preinjected alcohols as well as air and lower volume of base fuel injected within the mixture. Finally, the NOx emissions increased with alcohol injection in comparison with blending with tested fuels.

Comparative analysis of premixed combustion and blending of alcohols with neem and wintergreen oil biofuel blends in CI engine

This experimental study aims to mitigate harmful emissions from a CI engine using bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) approach. The engine used for this experimental work is a single cylinder CI engine with a rated power of 5.2 kW at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The BECCS approach is a combination of plant-based biofuels and carbon capture and storage (CCS) system. The whole investigation was done in four phases: (1) Substituting diesel with Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) (2) Equal volume blending of Orange oil (ORG) with KOME (3) 20% blending of n-butanol (B) with KOME-ORG blend (4) CCS system with zeolite based non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) and mono ethanolamine (MEA) based selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system with KOME-ORG + B20 blend. The experimental results show that substitution of diesel with KOME reduces smoke emission, but increases NO and CO2 emission. KOME-ORG blend reduces CO2 and smoke emissions with high NO emission due to combustion improvemen...

Combined effect of fuel-design and after-treatment system on reduction of local and global emissions from CI engine.

In the present study, tests were conducted to reduce CO2 emissions from a single-cylinder CI engine using biofuels and an exhaust catalytic carbon capture system (ECCCS) to evaluate CO2 sequestration of biofuels. Karanja oil is a second generation non-edible oil available abundantly in India. A Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) operated CI engine emits higher CO2 emissions due to the higher carbon content in its structure compared to diesel. Hence, the low carbon biofuel Orange oil (ORG) was blended on an equal volume basis with KOME. The blend reduced CO2 emissions by 27% compared to KOME at 100% load condition. For further enhancement, acetone (A) was blended 20% by volume basis with the KOME-ORG blend. CO2 emissions were reduced by about 30% for KOME-ORG + A20 blend compared to KOME at 100% load condition. Employing ECCCS along with KOME-ORG + A20 blend reduces CO2 emissions further. CO2 emissions are reduced by about 44% for KOME-ORG + A20 + Zeolite and reduced by about 32% for KOME-ORG + A20 + ...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration using biofuels and an exhaust catalytic carbon capture system in a single-cylinder CI engine: an experimental study

Rubber seed oil (RSO) is one of the vegetable oils that has potential for use as a fuel for diesel engines. Owing to the high viscosity of RSO, its performance is slightly inferior to diesel fuel. Preheating of RSO reduces its viscosity to the level of diesel fuel that improves the fuel spray and atomisation characteristics, leading to complete combustion. In this experimental work, the effect of various fuel inlet temperatures on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine was evaluated. The experimental results show that the brake thermal efficiency increases from 26˙6 to 28˙4% when the fuel is preheated to a temperature of 150°C. It also indicates that there is a reduction in the CO and smoke emissions with preheated RSO. The reduced ignition delay and combustion duration with RSO at 150°C indicates faster heat release and leads to higher thermal efficiency. It is concluded that the performance, combustion and emission characteristics are improve...

B. Nagalingam

Papers

Experimental investigation to reduce CO2 emission in a single cylinder CI engine using low carbon fuel blend with Karanja oil methyl ester and amine injection in the exhaust manifold

Comparative analysis of premixed combustion and blending of alcohols with neem and wintergreen oil biofuel blends in CI engine

Combined effect of fuel-design and after-treatment system on reduction of local and global emissions from CI engine.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration using biofuels and an exhaust catalytic carbon capture system in a single-cylinder CI engine: an experimental study

Experiments on behaviour of preheated rubber seed oil in a direct injection diesel engine