Introduction to a Transient World. Fourier Kingdom. Discrete Revolution. Time Meets Frequency. Frames. Wavelet Zoom. Wavelet Bases. Wavelet Packet and Local Cosine Bases. An Approximation Tour. Estimations are Approximations. Transform Coding. Appendix A: Mathematical Complements. Appendix B: Software Toolboxes.

http://ahvazdownload.persiangig.com/document/article/39.pdf

A wavelet tour of signal processing

5.1. Nanoalloys of Group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) 865 5.1.1. Cu−Ag 866 5.1.2. Cu−Au 867 5.1.3. Ag−Au 870 5.1.4. Cu−Ag−Au 872 5.2. Nanoalloys of Group 10 (Ni, Pd, Pt) 872 5.2.1. Ni−Pd 872 * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +39010 3536214. Fax:+39010 311066. E-mail: ferrando@fisica.unige.it. † Universita di Genova. ‡ Argonne National Laboratory. § University of Birmingham. | As of October 1, 2007, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division. Volume 108, Number 3

Nanoalloys: From Theory to Applications of Alloy Clusters and Nanoparticles

Photoreduction of CO2 into sustainable and green solar fuels is generally believed to be an appealing solution to simultaneously overcome both environmental problems and energy crisis. The low selectivity of challenging multi-electron CO2 photoreduction reactions makes it one of the holy grails in heterogeneous photocatalysis. This Review highlights the important roles of cocatalysts in selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction into solar fuels using semiconductor catalysts. A special emphasis in this review is placed on the key role, design considerations and modification strategies of cocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction. Various cocatalysts, such as the biomimetic, metal-based, metal-free, and multifunctional ones, and their selectivity for CO2 photoreduction are summarized and discussed, along with the recent advances in this area. This Review provides useful information for the design of highly selective cocatalysts for photo(electro)reduction and electroreduction of CO2 and complements the existing reviews on various semiconductor photocatalysts.

Cocatalysts for Selective Photoreduction of CO2 into Solar Fuels.

Photocatalysts and Photoelectrodes James L. White,† Maor F. Baruch,† James E. Pander III,† Yuan Hu,† Ivy C. Fortmeyer,† James Eujin Park,† Tao Zhang,† Kuo Liao,† Jing Gu,‡ Yong Yan,‡ Travis W. Shaw,† Esta Abelev,† and Andrew B. Bocarsly*,† †Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States ‡Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States

Light-Driven Heterogeneous Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: Photocatalysts and Photoelectrodes

The Analysis of Variance.

Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. 2. Continuous-Time Models. 3. One-Degree of Freedom Internal Model Control. 4. Two-Degree of Freedom Internal Model Control. 5. Model State Feedback Implementations of IMC. 6. PI and PID Parameters From IMC Designs. 7. Tuning and Synthesis of 1DF IMC for Uncertain Processes. 8 Tuning and Synthesis of 2DF IMC for Uncertain Processes. 9. Feedforward Control. 10. Cascade Control. 11. Output Constraint Control (Override Control). 12. Single Variable Inferential Control (IC). 13. Inferential Estimation Using Multiple Measurements. 14. Discrete-Time Models. 15. Identification: Basic Concepts. 16. Identification: Advanced Concepts. 17. Basic Model-Predictive Control. 18. Advanced Model-Predictive Control. 19. Inferential Model-Predictive Control. Appendix A. Review of Basic Concepts. Appendix B. Review of Frequency Response Analysis. Appendix C: Review of Linear Least-Squares Regression. Appendix D: Review of Random Variables and Random Processes. Appendix E: MATLAB and Control Toolbox Tutorial. Appendix F: SIMULINK Tutorial. Appendix G: Tutorial on IMCTUNE Software. Appendix H: Identification Software. Appendix I: SIMULINK Models for Projects. Index.

Techniques of model-based control

Bimetallic nanoclusters are of interest because of their utility in catalysis and sensors. The thermal characteristics of bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoclusters of different sizes and compositions were investigated through molecular dynamics simulations using quantum Sutton-Chen (QSC) many-body potentials. Monte Carlo simulations employing the bond order simulation model were used to generate minimum energy configurations, which were utilized as the starting point for molecular dynamics simulations. The calculated initial configurations of the Pt-Pd system consisted of surface segregated Pd atoms and a Pt-rich core. Melting characteristics were studied by following the changes in potential energy and heat capacity as functions of temperature. Structural changes accompanying the thermal evolution were studied by the bond order parameter method. The Pt-Pd clusters exhibited a two-stage melting: surface melting of the external Pd atoms followed by homogeneous melting of the Pt core. These transitions were found to depend on the composition and size of the nanocluster. Melting temperatures of the nanoclusters were found to be much lower than those of bulk Pt and Pd. Bulk melting temperatures of Pd and Pt simulated using periodic boundary conditions compare well with experimental values, thus providing justification for the use of QSC potentials in these simulations. Deformation parameters were calculated to characterize the structural evolution resulting from diffusion of Pd and Pt atoms. The results indicate that in Pd-Pt clusters, Pd atoms prefer to remain at the surface even after melting. In addition, Pt also tends to diffuse to the surface after melting due to reduction of its surface energy with temperature. This mixing pattern is different from those reported in some of the earlier studies on melting of bimetallics.

/pdf/molecular-dynamics-simulation-study-of-the-melting-of-pd-pt-4zzdosshx2.pdf

Molecular dynamics simulation study of the melting of Pd-Pt nanoclusters

TiO2 is one of the most promising candidate materials for clean-energy generation and environmental remediation. However, the larger-than 3.1 eV bandgap of perfectly crystalline TiO2 confines its application to the ultraviolet (UV) range. In this study, the electronic and the optical properties of undoped mixed-phase TiO2 nanoparticles were investigated using UV and inverse photoemission, low intensity X-ray photoelectron (XP), and diffused reflectance spectroscopy methods. The facile solution-phase synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a midgap-states-induced energy gap of only ∼2.2 eV. The diffused reflectance spectrum showed sub-bandgap absorption due to the existence of a large Urbach tail at 2.2 eV. The UV photoemission spectrum evidenced the presence of midgap states. The 2.2 eV energy gap enables the nanoparticles to be photoactive in the visible energy range. The gas-phase CO2 photoreduction test with water vapor under visible light illumination was studied in the presence of the synthesized TiO2 na...

Toward a Visible Light-Driven Photocatalyst: The Effect of Midgap-States-Induced Energy Gap of Undoped TiO2 Nanoparticles

Methods are presented for the design of a static estimator which infers unmeasurable product qualities from secondary measurements. The secondary measurements are selected so as to minimize the number of such measurements required to obtain an accurate estimate which is insensitive to modeling errors. Unlike previous work, the number of secondary measurements can be fewer than the number of unmeasured disturbances. If the statistics of the disturbances and/or measurement noise are available, this information can be incorporated into the design procedure to obtain an optimal static estimator.

The design procedure is illustrated by application to a simulated industrial debutanizer. Data for the simulation were supplied by the Marathon Oil Company. Deviations in bottoms product quality are compared for the current control policy (maintenance of a stage temperature at its set point) and the inferential control system with the column subjected to representative feed composition disturbances. Results show that inferential control based on four, five, or six tray temperature measurements improves the steady state control performance by as much as 400%.

Babu Joseph

Papers

Techniques of model-based control

Molecular dynamics simulation study of the melting of Pd-Pt nanoclusters

Toward a Visible Light-Driven Photocatalyst: The Effect of Midgap-States-Induced Energy Gap of Undoped TiO2 Nanoparticles

Inferential control of processes: Part I. Steady state analysis and design

Comparison of two approaches to on-line parameter and state estimation of nonlinear systems