The past few decades have seen substantial growth in Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies. However, this growth has mainly been process-driven. The evolution of engineering design to take advantage of the possibilities afforded by AM and to manage the constraints associated with the technology has lagged behind. This paper presents the major opportunities, constraints, and economic considerations for Design for Additive Manufacturing. It explores issues related to design and redesign for direct and indirect AM production. It also highlights key industrial applications, outlines future challenges, and identifies promising directions for research and the exploitation of AM's full potential in industry.

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Design for additive manufacturing: trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/286953/3/Crilly_et_el_%282004%29_Seeing_things_%5bDesign_Studies%5d.pdf

Seeing things: consumer response to the visual domain in product design

Co-creating brands : Diagnosing and designing the relationship experience

Design for manufacture and assembly (DFM) has typically meant that designers should tailor their designs to eliminate manufacturing difficulties and minimize manufacturing, assembly, and logistics costs. However, the capabilities of additive manufacturing technologies provide an opportunity to rethink DFM to take advantage of the unique capabilities of these technologies. As mentioned in Chap. 16, several companies are now using AM technologies for production manufacturing. For example, Siemens, Phonak, Widex, and the other hearing aid manufacturers use selective laser sintering and stereolithography machines to produce hearing aid shells; Align Technology uses stereolithography to fabricate molds for producing clear dental braces (“aligners”); and Boeing and its suppliers use polymer powder bed fusion (PBF) to produce ducts and similar parts for F-17 fighter jets. For hearing aids and dental aligners, AM machines enable manufacturing of tens to hundreds of thousands of parts, where each part is uniquely customized based upon person-specific geometric data. In the case of aircraft components, AM technology enables low-volume manufacturing, easy integration of design changes and, at least as importantly, piece part reductions to greatly simplify product assembly.

Design for Additive Manufacturing

Laser sintering of polyamides and other polymers

This paper explores theoretical issues in ergonomics related to semantics and the emotional content of design. The aim is to find answers to the following questions: how to design products triggering "happiness" in one's mind; which product attributes help in the communication of positive emotions; and finally, how to evoke such emotions through a product. In other words, this is an investigation of the "meaning" that could be designed into a product in order to "communicate" with the user at an emotional level. A literature survey of recent design trends, based on selected examples of product designs and semantic applications to design, including the results of recent design awards, was carried out in order to determine the common attributes of their design language. A review of Good Design Award winning products that are said to convey and/or evoke emotions in the users has been done in order to define good design criteria. These criteria have been discussed in relation to user emotional responses and a selection of these has been given as examples.

Product design, semantics and emotional response

An evaluation of haptic feedback modelling during industrial design practice

Through the combination of innovative and emerging design and manufacturing technologies, a new bespoke industrial design methodology is emerging whereby there will be the ability for individuals to cost effectively control the design and manufacture of individual customized products. The use of novel design devices such as haptic modelling systems that can be used to create a customized three-dimensional model of a desired object, and the subsequent ability to three-dimensionally ‘print’ the design via rapid manufacturing technologies, will see the emergence of a breed of bespoke industrial designer. This paper introduces research work being undertaken at Loughborough University that is investigating these technologies and the effects and opportunities that they will have on the design and manufacturing community.

The Potential for the Bespoke Industrial Designer

Haptics research has become a significant issue in industrial design recently by offering a revolutionary approach for combining physical and digital modelling. Despite the progress made in the past two decades, haptic devices have not yet become commonplace in industrial design. SensAble’s FreeForm haptic modelling system, combined with the PHANToM device, is the first CAID tool which lets designers sculpt and form virtual clay and foam using similar tools and techniques that are employed in the physical world. This paper reports the design and modelling experiment using the FreeForm system which aimed at examining a potential strengths and weaknesses of the system according to industrial designers, and exploring the level of usability that the haptic system would provide in 3D form-giving. The results show that the concept is very promising, especially for the early stages of design. However, the system has some drawbacks at the moment. In order to be able to use the system at the later stages of design, it is important to identify how industrial designers work, and what tools and techniques they commonly use in 3D form-giving. s

Bahar Sener

Papers

Product design, semantics and emotional response

An evaluation of haptic feedback modelling during industrial design practice

The Potential for the Bespoke Industrial Designer

Evaluating a Haptic Modelling System with Industrial Designers

User evaluation of HCI concepts for defining product form