American association of clinical endocrinologists and american college of endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity.

The prevalence of obesity, measured by body mass index, has risen to unacceptable levels in both men and women in the United States and worldwide with resultant hazardous health implications. Genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors influence the development of obesity, and both the general public and health professionals stigmatize those who suffer from the disease. Obesity is associated with and contributes to a shortened life span, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, some cancers, kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, gout, osteoarthritis, and hepatobiliary disease, among others. Weight loss reduces all of these diseases in a dose-related manner-the more weight lost, the better the outcome. The phenotype of "medically healthy obesity" appears to be a transient state that progresses over time to an unhealthy phenotype, especially in children and adolescents. Weight loss is best achieved by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure. Programs that are effective for weight loss include peer-reviewed and approved lifestyle modification programs, diets, commercial weight-loss programs, exercise programs, medications, and surgery. Over-the-counter herbal preparations that some patients use to treat obesity have limited, if any, data documenting their efficacy or safety, and there are few regulatory requirements. Weight regain is expected in all patients, especially when treatment is discontinued. When making treatment decisions, clinicians should consider body fat distribution and individual health risks in addition to body mass index.

/pdf/the-science-of-obesity-management-an-endocrine-society-4door6qgsk.pdf

The Science of Obesity Management: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.

Obesity, adiposity, and dyslipidemia: A consensus statement from the National Lipid Association

Obesity: Pathophysiology and Management.

Background
Medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction (MISGD), xerostomia (sensation of oral dryness), and subjective sialorrhea cause significant morbidity and impair quality of life. However, no evidence-based lists of the medications that cause these disorders exist.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40268-016-0153-9.pdf

A Guide to Medications Inducing Salivary Gland Dysfunction, Xerostomia, and Subjective Sialorrhea: A Systematic Review Sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI.

2or greater. They received phentermine-HCl 37.5 mg or placebo once daily with behavioral therapy for obesity. The primary endpoints were the changes of body weight and waist circumference from the baseline in the intention-to-treat population. Mean decrease of both body weight and waist circumference in phentermine-treated subjects were significantly greater than that of placebo group (weight: -6.7 ± 2.5 kg, p < 0.001; waist circumference: -6.2 ± 3.5 cm, p < 0.001). Significant number of subjects in phentermine group accomplished weight reduction of 5% or greater from the baseline and 10% or more (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups (p = 0.122 for systolic BP; p = 0.219 for diastolic BP). Dry mouth and insomnia were the only statistically significant adverse events that occurred more frequently in phentermine group. Most side effects of phentermine were mild to moderate in intensity. Short-term phentermine administration induced significant weight reduction and reduction of waist circumference without clinically problematic adverse events on relatively healthy Korean obese

/pdf/effects-on-weight-reduction-and-safety-of-short-term-4ajz6egt7a.pdf

Effects on Weight Reduction and Safety of Short-Term Phentermine Administration in Korean Obese People

Validation of Scoring System for Survival Prediction in Terminal Cancer Patients in Korea.

Backgrounds: In terminally ill cancer patients, delirium must be considered to be important clinically and for the quality of life. We reviewed cases of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients with the aim to recognize and treat delirium. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of patients admitted with terminal cancer from April 2003 to April 2004 in the department of family medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital. A total of 71 patients were evaluated with age, sex, oncological diagnosis, metastases, morphine (oral morphine equivalents/day, OME) use and amount, sedatives use, duration from delirium to death, and laboratory fi ndings. Analysis was conducted to fi nd the characteristics of delirium patients and to quantify the relationship between delirium and predicting factors. Results: Among 71 cases, those patients who developed delirium were 41 (57.7%). Among them, gastric cancer was the most common diagnosis with 10 patients (24.4%), followed by colon and lung cancers (9: 22%, 5: 12.2%). The patients receiving sedatives or morphines were 24 (58.5%) and 28 (68.3%), respectively. The mean amount of morphine was 168.6 ± 125.5 mg OME/day. Hyperbilirubinemia (4.2 ± 9.2 mg/dL) and hyponatremia (132.5 ± 4.5 mM/L) were found. Not only bone metastasis and the use of morphine or sedatives but serum Na were signifi cant (P = 0.047; P < 0.001; P = 0.069; P = 0.029). By logistic regression analyses, the occurrence of delirium was increased with decreased serum Na (odds ratio [95% CI] 0.798 [0.649-0.981]) and increased use of sedatives (5.955 [1.080-32.835]). Conclusion: In terminally ill cancer patients, the risk factors of delirium were bone metastasis, the use of morphine or sedatives, and serum Na level. Among these, the use of sedatives and serum Na level were independent risk factors.

/pdf/delirium-in-the-final-weeks-of-terminally-ill-cancer-1kteqga4qq.pdf

Bang Bu Youn

Papers

Effects on Weight Reduction and Safety of Short-Term Phentermine Administration in Korean Obese People

Validation of Scoring System for Survival Prediction in Terminal Cancer Patients in Korea.

Delirium in the Final Weeks of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients

The relationship between nicotine dependency and depession in smokers.

Quality of life in the diabetic patients.