A meta-analysis was conducted on the accuracy of predictions of various objective outcomes in the areas of social and clinical psychology from short observations of expressive behavior (under 5 min) The overall effect size (/) for the accuracy of predictions for 38 different results was 39 Studies using longer periods of behavioral observation did not yield greater predictive accuracy; predictions based on observations under Vi min in length did not differ significantly from predictions based on 4- and 5-min observations The type of behavioral channel (such as the face, speech, the body, tone of voice) on which the ratings were based was not related to the accuracy of predictions Accuracy did not vary significantly between behaviors manipulated in a laboratory and more naturally occurring behavior Last, effect sizes did not differ significantly for predictions in the areas of clinical psychology, social psychology, and the accuracy of detecting deception The way in which people move, talk, and gesture—their facial expressions, posture, and speech—all contribute to the formation of impressions about them Many of the judgments we make about others in our everyday lives are based on cues from these expressive behaviors Gordon Allport (1937) believed that expressive behaviors were important indicators of personality and that impressions from brief interactions were often verified upon further acquaintance Allport and Vernon (1933) demonstrated that people's expressive styles were quite consistent across a variety of situations They then began to investigate the accuracy of perceivers' impressions that were based on observations of these expressive styles For reasons that have been discussed elsewhere, this issue—like other issues concerning the accuracy of interpersonal and social perception— was neglected for a long time (Funder, 1987; Kenny & Albright, 1987) Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the accuracy of social and interpersonal perception and judgment (Funder, 1987; Kenny & Albright, 1987; Kruglanski, 1989; Swann, 1984) and in the study of expressive behavior (Lippa, 1983; Riggio & Friedman, 1986) Recent work confirms earlier findings (Passini & Norman, 1966) that the ratings of strangers converge surprisingly well with self-ratings of personality by targets (Albright, Kenny, & Malloy, 1988; Funder & Cohan, 1988; Watson, 1989) This correspondence seems to confirm Gordon Allport's observation that there is something in the nature of individuals that

/pdf/thin-slices-of-expressive-behavior-as-predictors-of-3cie3zu256.pdf

Thin slices of expressive behavior as predictors of interpersonal consequences: A meta-analysis.

The clinical significance of loneliness: a literature review.

Interpersonal deception theory (IDT) represents a merger of interpersonal communication and deception principles designed to better account for deception in interactive contexts. At the same time, it bas the potential to enlighten theories related to (a) credibility and truthful communication and (b) interpersonal communication. Presented here are key definitions, assumptions related to the critical attributes and key features of interpersonal communication and deception, and 18 general propositions from which specific testable hypotheses can be derived. Research findings relevant to the propositions are also summarized.

Interpersonal Deception Theory

The model introduced and tested in the current study suggests that lonely and depressed individuals may develop a preference for online social interaction, which, in turn, leads to negative outcomes associated with their Internet use. Participants completed measures of preference for online social interaction, depression, loneliness, problematic Internet use, and negative outcomes resulting from their Internet use.Results indicated that psychosocial health predicted levels of preference for online social interaction, which, in turn, predicted negative outcomes associated with problematic Internet use. In addition, the results indicated that the influence of psychosocial distress on negative outcomes due to Internet use is mediated by preference for online socialization and other symptoms of problematic Internet use.T he results support the current hypothesis that that individuals’ preference for online, rather than face-to-face, social interaction plays an important role in the development of negative con...

Preference for Online Social Interaction A Theory of Problematic Internet Use and Psychosocial Well-Being

Advantages and disadvantages of Web and lab research are reviewed. Via the World Wide Web, one can efficiently recruit large, heterogeneous samples quickly, recruit specialized samples (people with rare characteristics), and standardize procedures, making studies easy to replicate. Alternative programming techniques (procedures for data collection) are compared, including client-side as opposed to server-side programming. Web studies have methodological problems; for example, higher rates of drop out and of repeated participation. Web studies must be thoroughly analyzed and tested before launching on-line. Many studies compared data obtained in Web versus lab. These two methods usually reach the same conclusions; however, there are significant differences between college students tested in the lab and people recruited and tested via the Internet. Reasons that Web researchers are enthusiastic about the potential of the new methods are discussed.

Human research and data collection via the internet.

Social skills, social support, and psychosocial adjustment

Social skills and self-esteem

The role of social or communication skills in the ability to deceive was investigated. Thirty-eight student volunteers were administereda number of standardized social skill instruments. Subjects were then videotaped while giving short, persuasive messages. Messages were of three types: attitude-consistent (truthful), counterattitudinal (deceptive), and neutral. The videotaped messages were viewed by groups of judges who made ratings of the subject's believability for each message. Expressive and socially tactful subjects were more successful deceivers, whereas socially anxious subjects were less successful at the deception task. These results were attributed to an honest demeanor bias in the socially skilled subjects and a deceptive demeanor bias in the socially anxious subjects. Implications for future research on individual differences in deception skill were discussed.

Social Skills and Deception Ability

One hundred and two student volunteers were randomly assigned to either a lecture format interview training session or a no training condition. All subjects also completed a standardized measure of social skills. Each subject was then videotaped in a mock hiring interview. Groups of judges viewed the videotaped interviews and evaluated each subject's interview performance. Subjects were also rated on physical attractiveness and dress. Finally, a significant positive and negative verbal statements and a numbre of nonverbal cues occuring during the interviews were tallied. There were no significant effects for training on interview performance. The judges' evaluations were most strongly influenced by subjects' verbal behavior and appearance. Implications for interview training and interview evaluation processes are discussed.

Barbara Throckmorton

Papers

Social skills, social support, and psychosocial adjustment

Social skills and self-esteem

Social Skills and Deception Ability

The Relative Effects of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior, Appearance, and Social Skills on Evaluations Made in Hiring Interviews1

Social and academic intelligence: Conceptually distinct but overlapping constructs