Electrical muscle stimulation devices (EMS) have been advertised to increase muscle strength, to decrease body weight and body fat, and to improve muscle firmness and tone in healthy individuals. This study sought to test those claims. Twenty-seven college-aged volunteers were assigned to either an EMS (n = 16) or control group (n = 11). The EMS group underwent stimulation 3 times per week following the manufacturer's recommendations, whereas the control group underwent concurrent sham stimulation sessions. Bilaterally, the muscles stimulated included the biceps femoris, quadriceps, biceps, triceps, and abdominals (rectus abdominus and obliques). An identical pre- and posttesting battery included measurements of body weight, body fat (via skinfolds), girths, isometric and isokinetic strength (biceps, triceps, quadriceps, hamstrings), and appearance (via photographs from the front, side, and back). EMS had no significant effect on the any of the measured parameters. Thus, claims relative to the effectiveness of EMS for the apparently healthy individual are not supported by the findings of this study.

The effects of electrical muscle stimulation on body composition, muscle strength, and physical appearance

Whole body vibration training中の足幅と周波数の違いが代謝当量に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to investigation of the effect of six weeks electrostimulation training on physical changes in the sedentary men and women. Electro muscle stimulation (EMS), which is applied since the discovery of contraction under the influence of electrical currents, on the purpose of rehabilitation and treatment purposes, has attracted the attention of coaches, athletes and sports scientists as a popular training method over time. In the present research, 6 weeks, 3 days a week and for 25 minutes in a day of EMS machine training program was applied to the sedentary women n=12 and sedentary men n=12 . In order to determine effect of EMS machine training on the physical changes which are body mass, % body fat, fat mass, body mass index, total body water, fat free mass, muscle mass, Tanita (SC-300) Body Composition Analyzer was used as a pre-test and post-test. The results of the Tanita body measurements were analyzed by using SPSS computer program, the standard deviations were calculated, and pre- and post-training statistical paired samples T Test analysis were made. According to SPSS analysis results, there are statistically significant increases in the % body fat, fat mass, soft muscle tissues, extracellular and intracellular liquid weights and cell mass weights (p 0.05). Only EMS training has increased the maximum power associated with sports, due to the increase in the speed of movement. In addition, the stronger long-term effects of EMS training provide new opportunities, as determined by the duration of the training. The right application of full-body EMS training with dynamic exercise movements is a promising combination for power and speed training.

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Investigation of the Effect of Six Weeks Electro Muscle Stimulation Training on Physical Changes in the Sedentary Men and Women

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of three different types of exercise on the isokinetic strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Thirty recreational athletes aged of 23.19 years on average participated in the study. In the study, the subjects were divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 individuals (bicycle group, plyometric group, and weight group). The athletes were given 3 different exercises for 3 days and 30 minutes per week for 6 weeks. Muscular strength and endurance as was measured at a constant angular velocity of 60o/s and 180o/s and concentric quadriceps and concentric hamstring strength test were measured before and after exercises by an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Humac Norm-2009). The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to determine the differences among the groups in the study, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the group that is the source of these the differences. Wilcoxon test was conducted to determine pre - test post - test differences within the groups. As a result; Weight exercises during 6 weeks provided a significant increase in parameters at NDQPT60o/s, NDQAP60o/s and NDHPT60o/s in constant angular velocity values compared to cycling exercise in the same period. In terms of other parameters, exercises done in the same time period in all three groups did not show the same significant effect on strength development.

/pdf/the-effect-of-different-type-of-exercises-on-the-isokinetic-n3dl3y59h3.pdf

The effect of different type of exercises on the isokinetic strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles

This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different electromyostimulation (EMS) training interventions on performance parameters in trained athletes. The research was conducted until may 2021 using the online databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and SPORTDiscus for studies with the following inclusion criteria: (a) controlled trials, (b) EMS trials with at least one exercise and/or control group, (c) strength and/or jump and/or sprint and/or aerobic capacity parameter as outcome (d) sportive/trained subjects. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and random effects models were calculated. Thirty-six studies with 1.092 participants were selected and 4 different networks (strength, jump, sprint, aerobic capacity) were built. A ranking of different exercise methods was achieved. The highest effects for pairwise comparisons against the reference control "active control" were found for a combination of resistance training with superimposed EMS and additional jump training (outcome strength: 4.43 SMD [2.15; 6.70 CI]; outcome jump: 3.14 SMD [1.80;4.49]), jump training with superimposed whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) (outcome sprint: 1.65 SMD [0.67; 2.63 CI] and high intensity bodyweight resistance training with superimposed WB-EMS (outcome aerobic capacity: 0.83 SMD [-0.49; 2.16 CI]. These findings indicate that the choice of EMS-specific factors such as the EMS application mode, the combination with voluntary activation, and the selection of stimulation protocols has an impact on the magnitude of the effects and should therefore be carefully considered, especially in athletes. Superimposed EMS with relatively low volume, high intensity and outcome-specific movement pattern appeared to positively influence adaptations in athletes.

Effects of electromyostimulation on performance parameters in sportive and trained athletes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Purpose: Electromyostimulation is a popular training to increase muscle strength during the last years. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of electromyostimulation training on jumping and muscle strength in football players. Material: Volunteered 23 football players between the ages of 18 to 24 were divided into experimental and control groups with simple random sampling. Both groups continued to regular training. Experimental group had additional electromyostimulation training for 6-week, 3-time a week, and 20min a day. Pre- and post-training squat and countermovement jumps, peak torques of dominant and non-dominant knee extensor and flexor muscles were tested. Angular velocities of isokinetic dynamometer were 60, 180, and 300ºs-1. Pre- and post-test comparisons within the groups were analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences between pre- and post-test for isokinetic knee strength parameters at all angular velocities of EG. However, control group had significant pre- and post-test differences in dominant and non-dominant knee extension and flexion peak torque values. Conclusions: EMS and regular training in-season had no effect on the isokinetic strength parameters. On the other hand, the regular training in-season has increased isokinetic strength. Electromyostimulation training additional to regular training may have detrimental effects on outcomes of concurrent training in football players.

/pdf/effects-of-electromyostimulation-training-on-jumping-and-1s8vopcjj9.pdf

Effects of electromyostimulation training on jumping and muscle strength in football players

Background. The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) during heel raised and standing squat position on squat (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) heights.Methods.  Twenty  four  physically  active  sport  science  students  are  voluntarily  participated  in  this  study. Randomized, counterbalanced, crossover study was used in this study and all subjects completed two trials that were plantar (25–30°) and dorsal (5–10°) flexion squats. WBV exercises were performed on a vibration plate at 26 Hz frequency, 4mm amplitude. Jumping performances were assessed with and without WBV conditions. Subjects executed WBV condition treatment on static plantar or dorsal flexion half squat position (45 °knee angle) for 3x60 s with 60 s rest between sets.Results. There was no statistically significant two-way interaction between treatments and times for SJ and CMJ (p > .05). SJ and CMJ after the WBV were significantly higher than without WBV condition (p < .05). SJ and CMJ heights were higher than baseline values without WBV.Conclusion. These  results  indicate  that  there  were  no  differences  between WBV  during  plantar  and  dorsal flexion squat position on SJ and CMJ heights. Regardless of different muscle length squat position during WBV, there were little but significant differences (~1cm) on SJ and CMJ heights after WBV. According to these results it can be said that WBV had a statistically significant acute effect on jumping, but different plantar-flexor muscle length squat position on vibration plate during WBV did not have any effect on jumping performance.Keywords:  whole body vibration, acute effect, body position, jump performance

/pdf/effect-of-body-position-during-whole-body-vibration-on-acute-2s006l33do.pdf

Effect of Body Position during Whole Body Vibration on Acute Jumping Performance

Baslangicta rehabilitasyon ve tedavi amacli olarak uygulanan elektromyostimulasyon (EMS) daha sonra populer bir antrenman yontemi olarak antrenorlerin, sporcularin ve spor bilimcilerin ilgisini cekmistir. EMS, kas dokusu ya da motor noktalar uzerine uygulanan elektriksel akimlar olarak tanimlanabilir. Elektriksel uyarili ve istemli kasilmalar sirasinda kaslar farkli sekilde aktive olmaktadir. Yapilan calismalar EMS antrenmanlarinin kas hipertrofisi icin gereken kas kuvvetini daha kisa zamanda arttirdigini ve istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir hipertrofi olmaksizin artan kuvvetin noral gelisimin en onemli kaniti oldugunu gostermektedir. EMS antrenmanlarinin maksimal istemli kuvvette artis saglamasi spinal ve supraspinal merkezlerden aktif kaslara olan noral suruste, spinal uyarilabilirlikte, aktive olan motor unite miktarinda ve senkronizasyonunda artis olasiligini da akla getirmektedir. Bunun yaninda unilateral uygulanan EMS antrenmanlarinin kontralateral homolog kasta da kuvvet artislari saglamasi EMS antrenmanlarinin supraspinal merkezleri ve farkli kortikal bolgeleri etkiledigini gostermektedir. Bu kapsam dahilinde yapilan calismalarin isiginda derlemenin amaci EMS antrenmanlarina dayali noral adaptasyonlar ve EMS antrenmanlarinin sedanter ve sporcularin sportif performanlarinda meydana getirdigi etkileri incelemektir.

/pdf/elektromyostimulasyon-antrenmanlarinin-noral-adaptasyon-ve-52haxv5uc4.pdf

Elektromyostimülasyon Antrenmanlarının Nöral Adaptasyon ve Sportif Performans Üzerine Etkileri

Izokinetik kas kasilmasi, konsentrik kas kasilmasinin ozel bir tipidir ve kas tum hareket boyunca ayni hizda kasilir ve gevser. Bu tip kas kasilmasinin uygulanmasi icin yukun ve kas kasilmasinin artmasini saglayan ozel ve pahali antrenman ekipmanina ihtiyac vardir. Bu direnc antrenmani metodunun faydasi, hareketin tum acisinda kasta kuvvet kazanimi saglamasi ve kuvvet kazaniminin en hizli yollarindan biri olmasidir. Bu derlemede, izokinetik cihazinin; test prosedurleri, kullanim sekilleri, avantaj ve dezavantajlari, farkli eklemlerdeki uygulamalari, yaslilarda, ozel gruplarda uygulamalari ve kuvvet antrenmanina etkisi hakkinda bilgiler verilmektedir

/pdf/izokinetik-kuvvet-antrenmani-1upi0yixuh.pdf

İzokinetik Kuvvet Antrenmanı

The purpose of this study was to determine kinetics and kinematics of various 6 second sprinting load with %0GRF, %10GRF and %15GRF. Different loads of GRF have been analysed for seeing effect of the increasing ground reaction force. 8 female sportswomen (age=24.7±6.2year; body weight=61.27±8.79kg; height=172.4±11.37m) of Anadolu University Youth and Sport Club that competes in the second division of Turkey Women’s Basketball participated in this study. 6s. sprint kinematical analysis of the participants was made with two fast filming cameras (A602f, Basler, Germany) that are able to record up to 500 Hz and a software program (SIMI 7.3, Germany) that is able to record the scenes simultaneously into computer in 60 Hz. The sprints that is with %0, %10 and %15 loads were applied on non-motorised treadmills during 6s., it was recorded with avi. format and the scenes which are in equal length and simultaneous were analysed. The difference among three different measurements (0%, 10%, 15% ground reaction force) that belongs to one group was tested with One Way Anova after homogeneity of variances and significance level was taken as p 0.05).  In the 6second sprint tests which was done with 0%, 10%, 15% GRF of knee and elbow joints, statistically significant relation was not able to be found among angle, angular velocity, vertical velocity, horizontal velocity and resultant velocity (p>0.05). Based on Bonferroni correction post test results there were statistically significant differences have been found between ground reaction forces (GRF0 - GRF10; p 0.05). During the 6second sprints that were done with 0%, 10%, 15%  of the participants’ body weights, it has been seen that vertical ground reaction force did not increase. This also shows that the participants could apply more force to the ground to accelerate and accordingly they carried out the sprint performance in a longer time. Not to be found a significant relationship among angle, angular velocity, horizontal velocity, vertical velocity and resultant velocity arises from reacting to ground reaction force in the same way with the sprint that is done with body weight. The participants could not increase their velocity in the face of increasing ground reaction force and therefore realized the 6second sprint performance in a longer time. Consequently, it has been deduced that they could not adapt acutely to ground reaction force and change their sprint styles to accelerate. To overcome the braking components of ground reaction force, supramaximal and plyometric types of trainings can be suggested.

/pdf/how-does-the-ground-reaction-force-affect-the-6-second-gr9x1qijqk.pdf

Barış Gürol

Papers

Effects of electromyostimulation training on jumping and muscle strength in football players

Effect of Body Position during Whole Body Vibration on Acute Jumping Performance

Elektromyostimülasyon Antrenmanlarının Nöral Adaptasyon ve Sportif Performans Üzerine Etkileri

İzokinetik Kuvvet Antrenmanı

How does the ground reaction force affect the 6 second sprint performance