Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

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Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree particle method based on Lagrangian formulation, and has been widely applied to different areas in engineering and science. This paper presents an overview on the SPH method and its recent developments, including (1) the need for meshfree particle methods, and advantages of SPH, (2) approximation schemes of the conventional SPH method and numerical techniques for deriving SPH formulations for partial differential equations such as the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations, (3) the role of the smoothing kernel functions and a general approach to construct smoothing kernel functions, (4) kernel and particle consistency for the SPH method, and approaches for restoring particle consistency, (5) several important numerical aspects, and (6) some recent applications of SPH. The paper ends with some concluding remarks.

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH): an Overview and Recent Developments

This paper reviews state-of-the-art empirical, hydrodynamic and simple conceptual models for determining flood inundation. It explores their advantages and limitations, highlights the most recent advances and discusses future directions. It addresses how uncertainty is analysed in this field with the various approaches and identifies opportunities for handling it better. The aim is to inform scientists new to the field, and help emergency response agencies, water resources managers, insurance companies and other decision makers keep up-to-date with the latest developments. Guidance is provided for selecting the most suitable method/model for solving practical flood related problems, taking into account the specific outputs required for the modelling purpose, the data available and computational demands. Multi-model, multi-discipline approaches are recommended in order to further advance this research field. This paper reviews state-of-the-art flood inundation models.It explores their advantages and limitations.It highlights the most recent advances and discusses future directions.It addresses how uncertainty is analysed and identifies opportunities for handling it better.

Flood inundation modelling

Numerical Modeling of Water Waves with the SPH Method

This review focuses on the applications of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to incompressible or nearly incompressible flow. In the past 17 years, the range of applications has increased as researchers have realized the ability of SPH algorithms to handle complex physical problems. These include the disruption of free surfaces when a wave hits a rocky beach, multifluid problems that may involve the motion of rigid and elastic bodies, non-Newtonian fluids, virtual surgery, and chemical precipitation from fluids moving through fractured media. SPH provides a fascinating tool that has some of the properties of molecular dynamics while retaining the attributes of the macroscopic equations of continuum mechanics.

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and Its Diverse Applications

DualSPHysics: Open-source parallel CFD solver based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)

Incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics for free-surface flows: A generalised diffusion-based algorithm for stability and validations for impulsive flows and propagating waves

This paper assesses some recent trends in the novel numerical meshless method smoothed particle hydrodynamics, with particular focus on its potential use in modelling free-surface flows. Due to its Lagrangian nature, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) appears to be effective in solving diverse fluid-dynamic problems with highly nonlinear deformation such as wave breaking and impact, multi-phase mixing processes, jet impact, sloshing, flooding and tsunami inundation, and fluid–structure interactions. The paper considers the key areas of rapid progress and development, including the numerical formulations, SPH operators, remedies to problems within the classical formulations, novel methodologies to improve the stability and robustness of the method, boundary conditions, multi-fluid approaches, particle adaptivity, and hardware acceleration. The key ongoing challenges in SPH that must be addressed by academic research and industrial users are identified and discussed. Finally, a roadmap is propose...

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for free-surface flows: past, present and future

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is the most widely established mesh-free method which has been used in several fields as astrophysics, solids mechanics and fluid dynamics. In the particular case of computational fluid dynamics, the model is beginning to reach a maturity that allows carrying out detailed quantitative comparisons with laboratory experiments. Here the state-of-the-art of the classical SPH formulation for free-surface flow problems is described in detail. This is demonstrated using dam-break simulations in 2-D and 3-D. The foundations of the method will be presented using different derivations based on the method of interpolants and on the moving least-squares approach. Different methods to improve the classic SPH approach such as the use of density filters and the corrections of the kernel function and its gradient are examined and tested on some laboratory cases

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Benedict D. Rogers

Papers

Numerical Modeling of Water Waves with the SPH Method

DualSPHysics: Open-source parallel CFD solver based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)

Incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics for free-surface flows: A generalised diffusion-based algorithm for stability and validations for impulsive flows and propagating waves

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for free-surface flows: past, present and future

State-of-the-art of classical SPH for free-surface flows