Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Research into terahertz technology is now receiving increasing attention around the world, and devices exploiting this waveband are set to become increasingly important in a very diverse range of applications. Here, an overview of the status of the technology, its uses and its future prospects are presented.

Cutting-edge terahertz technology

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

Terahertz spectroscopy systems use far-infrared radiation to extract molecular spectral information in an otherwise inaccessible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Materials research is an essential component of modern terahertz systems: novel, higher-power terahertz sources rely heavily on new materials such as quantum cascade structures. At the same time, terahertz spectroscopy and imaging provide a powerful tool for the characterization of a broad range of materials, including semiconductors and biomolecules.

Materials for terahertz science and technology

Over the past three decades a new spectroscopic technique with unique possibilities has emerged. Based on coherent and time-resolved detection of the electric field of ultrashort radiation bursts in the far-infrared, this technique has become known as terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). In this review article the authors describe the technique in its various implementations for static and time-resolved spectroscopy, and illustrate the performance of the technique with recent examples from solid-state physics and physical chemistry as well as aqueous chemistry. Examples from other fields of research, where THz spectroscopic techniques have proven to be useful research tools, and the potential for industrial applications of THz spectroscopic and imaging techniques are discussed.

Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging – Modern techniques and applications

Wolfgang Monch, Johannes Donauer, Bernd M. Fischer, Rudiger Frank, Gunter Gauglitz, Carsten Glasenapp, Hanspeter Helm, Paul Hing, Matthias Hoffmann, Peter Uhd Jepsen, Thomas Kleine-Ostmann, Martin Koch, Holger Krause, Nicolae Leopold, Tina Mutschler, Frank Rutz, Titus Sparna, Hans Zappe

Microarray Biochips – Thousands of Reactions on a Small Chip (MOBA)

In this work the potential of THz technology to detect ageing effects in modern armor system is studied. First experiments have been done in pure polymers, a key component in modern armor devices. Artificial ageing in thermooxidative environment has been applied to Polyamide 6 and Polyethylene and their THz response has been recorded. It was found that the THz refractive index indeed undergoes significant changes after the thermal treatment. The direction of the changes and the mechanisms causing these changes are highly dependent on the investigated polymer. Afterwards experiments on more representative devices, made from hard aramid, were conducted. An artificial ageing following the NATO standard STANAG 4370 has been applied. The THz refractive index undergoes significant changes, showing the high potential THz technology has to offer in this novel field of application.

Detection of ageing effects in protective structures using THz technologies

Summary We demonstrate ultra high birefringence (Dn ≈ 0.026) in a new type of porous THz waveguide that has rectangular and slot­shaped air­holes in the core. We also demonstrate low loss (0.01 cm ­1 ) and low dispersion (ug/c > 0.85) for these porous fibers, which makes them suitable for THz field propagation.

Highly birefringent, low loss and low dispersion THz waveguides with sub­wavelength porous structure

THz air photonics allow for the generation and detection of single-cycle sub-40 fs THz transients, which we use in a THz time-domain spectrometer to investigate the transmission properties of molecular crystalline materials in the ultrabroadband frequency window from 0.3 THz to more than 40 THz. We compare the obtained results with FTIR measurements to validate the THz-TDS results at large frequencies and compare the performance of these two techniques.

Bridging the gap between the THz and IR frequency regime

Recently, there have been numerous food scares particularly with the production of milk powders for infants. This has been caused by the addition of excess melamine to increase the tested protein count of a powder. In this paper we investigate the potential of THz-TDS for use in food quality control and compare this technique to other established techniques.

Bernd M. Fischer

Papers

Microarray Biochips – Thousands of Reactions on a Small Chip (MOBA)

Detection of ageing effects in protective structures using THz technologies

Highly birefringent, low loss and low dispersion THz waveguides with subwavelength porous structure

Bridging the gap between the THz and IR frequency regime

Comparative investigation of detection of melamine in food powders

Bernd M. Fischer

Papers

Microarray Biochips – Thousands of Reactions on a Small Chip (MOBA)

Detection of ageing effects in protective structures using THz technologies

Highly birefringent, low loss and low dispersion THz waveguides with sub­wavelength porous structure

Bridging the gap between the THz and IR frequency regime

Comparative investigation of detection of melamine in food powders

Highly birefringent, low loss and low dispersion THz waveguides with subwavelength porous structure