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Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 68

Their unique quasi one-dimensional (Q1D) crystal structure and rapid power conversion efficiency (PCE) evolution evoke tremendous scientific and technological interest in antimony chalcogenide (Sb2X3, X = S, Se, or SxSe1–x) photovoltaics (PVs). Solution processability, strong photon harvesting, readily tunable optoelectronic properties, exceptional physicochemical stability, nontoxicity, and earth-abundance are their key features, endorsing Sb2X3 as next-generation PVs. Benign, self-healing grain boundaries and defect-tolerance add to their merits, empowering Sb2X3 films to act like pseudo-single crystals. These semiconductors are born for flexible PVs, as their Q1D crystal structures aid ultrahigh flexibility and bending tolerance. Sb2X3 solar cells are efficient in recycling indoor and ambient light; thus, they are promising as indoor PVs (IPVs). Sb2X3 PVs exhibit potential to simultaneously solve the stability and toxicity issues faced by lead halide perovskite PVs and the cost issues faced by mainstream silicon PVs. Presently, a record certified PCE of 10.7% has been demonstrated by Sb2X3 solar cells; thus, they are emerging as a promising low-cost alternative to the commercially available PV technologies. This review presents a unique perspective of the fundamentals, recent breakthroughs, challenges, and futuristic developments in this field, offering a fundamental guideline for the rational engineering, design, and fabrication of high-PCE Sb2X3 solar cells. This review highlights Sb2X3 based, large area, tandem, and flexible solar cells and explores the commercial viability of this technology from generic power production to niche markets. 

Present Status and Future Perspective of Antimony Chalcogenide (Sb2X3) Photovoltaics

Harnessing chemical functions of ionic liquids for perovskite solar cells

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) additive in perovskite for stable performance of carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Halide perovskites are promising photoactive materials for filter-free color-imaging sensors owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, tunable bandgaps, and suitability for large-scale fabrication. However, producing patterned perovskite films of sufficiently high quality for such applications poses a challenge for existing fabrication methods: using solution processes to prepare patterned perovskite films is complicated, while evaporation methods often result in perovskite photodetectors with limited performance. In this paper, the authors report the development of an improved evaporation method in which substrates are treated with a brominated (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane self-assembled monolayer to improve the properties of the patterned perovskite films. The resulting perovskite photodetectors exhibit significantly enhanced photosensitivity and long-term stability (exceeding 100 days). Additionally, the polymer substrates facilitate device flexibility. Finally, perovskites comprising three different halide components, each with a different bandgap, are integrated into a device array using the developed evaporation technology, yielding sensors that enable the discrimination of red, green, and blue colors. Thus, the flexible photosensor arrays can generate colorful images closely resembling perceived patterns, demonstrating reliable color imaging. Therefore, this study successfully demonstrates filter-free color-imaging by integrating high-performance patterned and multicomponent perovskite photodetectors, highlighting the potential of such detectors for advanced optoelectronic applications, including hyperspectral imaging.

Flexible and Filter-Free Color-Imaging Sensors with Multicomponent Perovskites Deposited Using Enhanced Vapor Technology

Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have shown significant progress in the last few years having achieved efficiencies over 25% at the lab scale. The sequential deposition technique has provided a robust approach in the perovskite film fabrication. However, obtaining a reproducible and quality perovskite film has always been challenging because of the highly crystalline and ordered (001) oriented underlying PbI2 film. Here, we report a simple solution approach to fabricate a PbI2 residue-free, superior grade perovskite film by using a compositional engineered PbI2-precursor solution. We demonstrate that the Pb-precursor film crystallized into a R-centered Hexagonal metric lattice with (h0l), (hk0), and (00l) orientations provides a more efficient and quicker conversion into perovskites compared to conventional (001) oriented 2H-PbI2. A porous and multi-oriented PbI2 film is prepared by rationally incorporating a volumetric fraction of Pb(Ac)2·3H2O in the typical PbI2/dimethylformamide precursor solution, which significantly improves the surface features of PbI2 as well as the structural properties. As a result, a compact, smooth, and large grain perovskite can be obtained by accomplishing a full conversion with comparatively much less reaction time. Furthermore, a comprehensive mechanism of structural modification of PbI2 and the role of its orientation in ameliorating the reaction kinetics has been demonstrated.

Orientation-Controlled (h0l) PbI2 Crystallites Using a Novel Pb-Precursor for Facile and Quick Sequential MAPbI3 Perovskite Deposition.

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI3 Perovskite in Virtue of PbI2 Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells

A two-step deposition method has been a promising technique to fabricate perovskite optoelectronic devices because of the advantages of fabrication robustness and control over morphology. However, ...

Enhanced Spatial Photoluminescence Homogeneity and Fluorescence Density in MAPbI3 Films via Tailoring the Pb-Precursor Composition and Surface Morphology

Bhanu Pratap Dhamaniya

Papers

Orientation-Controlled (h0l) PbI2 Crystallites Using a Novel Pb-Precursor for Facile and Quick Sequential MAPbI3 Perovskite Deposition.

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI3 Perovskite in Virtue of PbI2 Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells

Enhanced Spatial Photoluminescence Homogeneity and Fluorescence Density in MAPbI3 Films via Tailoring the Pb-Precursor Composition and Surface Morphology