Recent methodology based Harris Hawks optimizer for designing load frequency control incorporated in multi-interconnected renewable energy plants

The electrical power system has experienced several changes during the last decade, raised by continuously increasing load demand, rapid depletion in fossil fuels, and newly electrical deregulation policy. In the past, numerous review literatures has been published in the field of Load Frequency Control (LFC), which deals with different and recent control strategies for the successful operation of the power system. Moreover, due to changes in lifestyle, increasing load demand, expansion of industrialization, and environmental issues, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) integration becomes the obvious adaptive choice. Since generation from RES is stochastic in nature and depends upon the weather condition and other aspects at every instant of time. Therefore, high penetration may reflect specific issues regarding voltage instability, frequency stabilization, and reliability obstruction. Hence this issue has been covered effectively in this review work. Furthermore, the work precisely summarized and briefly explained the different scenarios of Energy Storage (ES), micro-grid and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) to explore the possible solutions and future aspects. The merit and demerit of different controllers are also investigated with the help of a comparison's tables and also some other analytical comparisons. The overall study examines an in-depth review of recent technical core aspects for LFC based on classical and modern power system which involves the non-linear model, controller design parameters, soft-computing application, attributes of Load forecasting, as well as integration of RES in a deregulated environment. This effective, comprehensive literature survey is very helpful for researchers to bridge the gap between recent development, implementation, challenges and future trends of RES in LFC. 

A literature survey on load frequency control considering renewable energy integration in power system: Recent trends and future prospects

An effort has been given to derive the reduced-order models (ROMs) of higher-order power systems using model-order reduction techniques. Fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPI-D) c...

Grasshopper optimization algorithm scaled fractional order PI-D controller applied to reduced order model of load frequency control system

Renewable sources such as solar PV and wind are stochastic in nature, hence their integration with emerging isolated microgrid (MG) is challenging especially with regards to stability issues. An ac...

Forecasting of solar and wind power using LSTM RNN for load frequency control in isolated microgrid

The present work proposes a teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO)-tuned fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller of two-area hydro-thermal generating units for automatic generation control (AGC). The proposed system takes into account the physical constraints such as transport delay (TD), generation rate constraint (GRC), and governor dead band (GDB) nonlinearities. Firstly, fuzzy PID controllers were designed for both the areas and their gains were optimized using various minimization objective function criteria. Furthermore, applications of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices such as static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS), and unified power flow controller (UPFC) were investigated by integrating FACTS devices in appropriate locations of the system. The simulation results revealed that the minimum objective values were attained when the UPFC was placed in the system. Lastly, robustness analysis was done to observe the capability of the proposed controller with UPFC by changing system parameters and considering random load disturbances.

Impact of Flexible AC Transmission System Devices on Automatic Generation Control with a Metaheuristic Based Fuzzy PID Controller

Dual loop IMC structure for load frequency control issue of multi-area multi-sources power systems

In this paper, a modified two degree of freedom-internal model control structure is proposed with dual feedback loop configuration for load frequency control problem of the single area and two area...

Design of two degree of freedom-internal model control configuration for load frequency control using model approximation

In this paper, we propose a modified two degree-of-freedom internal model control structure, with dual feedback loop configuration for the load frequency control problem of a single-area power system. Our main objective is to achieve better transient and steady state performance. The predictive model of the proposed configuration is derived through the stability equation method, which preserves the stability of the model. The proposed scheme is simulated for a single-area power system with nonreheated turbine and 50% parametric uncertainty. It is observed from the responses and the performance indices that the proposed control configuration gives better results compared to well-known existing techniques.

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A modified two-degree of freedom-internal model control configuration for load frequency control of a single area power system

This paper presents a differential evolution optimization based modified control configuration for load frequency control of single-area non-reheated thermal power system. The proposed scheme contains an internal model control (IMC) controller in the internal loop and a PID controller in the external loop. The IMC controller is designed by using low pass filters and a predictive model (PM) which is derived from the system model using the Routh approximation method. The tuning parameters of low pass filters and external loop controller are optimized by using Differential evolution (DE) optimization. The proposed method provides a faster external load disturbance rejection and gives better robustness under parameter uncertainties.

Bheem Sonker

Papers

Dual loop IMC structure for load frequency control issue of multi-area multi-sources power systems

Design of two degree of freedom-internal model control configuration for load frequency control using model approximation

A modified two-degree of freedom-internal model control configuration for load frequency control of a single area power system

Differential Evolution based TDF-IMC scheme for load frequency control of single-area power systems