Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands.

https://ciptaindomedica.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/antimicrobial-herb-and-spice-compounds-in-food.pdf

Antimicrobial herb and spice compounds in food.

Trease and Evans' pharmacognosy

The antimicrobial activity of essential oils is discussed in this review taking in account studies which were published in the period of time from 2008 until September 2010. Furthermore, the most important methods to examine the antimicrobial efficiency of essential oils are presented. The studies are divided into the following two groups, namely antibacterial and antifungal active agents depending on the activity of the applied essential oil against the test microorganisms. Various interesting possible applications are revealed such as the use of essential oils instead of synthetic drugs to circumvent the increasing resistance of some pathogens. Moreover, they could not only be used for the therapy of infectious illnesses, but also as preservatives in the food industry. A further possibility is, among others, the application of essential oils in skin products in order to treat or avoid dermal infections. Additionally, the prevalent constituents of the individual antimicrobial active essential oils are elaborated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A review on recent research results (2008–2010) on essential oils as antimicrobials and antifungals. A review.

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Encyclopedia Of Common Natural Ingredients Used In Food Drugs And Cosmetics

Oil content and fatty acid composition were examined for Yenice (spineless), Dincer (spineless) and Remzibey-05 (spiny) saf- flower varieties planted winter and spring seasons in 2004-2005. Oil content was affected by sowing time and variety. Oil content in three varieties ranged from 24.53 % to 28.47 % in winter sowing and from 21.23 % to 25.76 % in spring sowing. A significant sowing time x variety interaction for oil content was not observed. The sowing time x variety interaction was not significant for all fatty acids examined. Only the stearic acid among major fatty acids (palmitic, stearic oleic, and linoleic acids) and the linolenic acid were influenced (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) by sowing time. The stearic acid content in varieties increased with the ratio of 0.18 % in winter sowing time. The linolenic acid was higher of 0.02 % in spring sowing. It was recorded that there was a negative correlation between the palmitic and the stearic acids in winter (r= -0.063) and spring (r= -0.806, P<0.01) sowings. Also, there was an inverse relationship (r= - 0.999, P<0.01) between the oleic and linoleic acids in both all varieties and two sowing times. The results of the study have been demonstrated the sowing time and variety may have an important effect on oil quality and content of safflower seed. Therefore, winter sowing time may be recommended in Ankara conditions.

Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Varieties Sown in Spring and Winter

This research was carried out at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department and the laboratories of the Food Engineering Department. Twenty-nine anise seed samples were collected from different locations in 9 producer provinces in Turkey and were used as the study materials in order to determine essential oil and essential oil compositions. According to the results, essential oil levels varied from 1.3% to 3.7%. The major component of the essential oil was trans-anethole. This compound ranged from 78.63% to 95.21%. Population 26 may be recommended for trans-anethole percentage and populations 8 and 22 for essential oil content. Turk Anason Populasyonlar›n›n Ucucu YaMiktar› ve Bilefliminin Deiflimi Ozet: Bu araflt›rma, Ankara Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bolumu ve G›da Muhendislii Bolumu laboratuvarlar›nda yurutulmufltur. Farkl› anason uretim yorelerinden toplanan 29 tohum ornei araflt›rma materyali olarak kullan›lm›fl ve bunlar›n ucucu yamiktar› ve bileflenleri belirlenmifltir. Araflt›rma sonuclar›na gore anason populasyonlar›n›n ucucu yaoranlar› %1.3-3.7 aras›nda deiflmifltir. Ucucu yalar›n ana bilefleni olan trans—anetol oran› % 78.63 — 95.21 aras›nda deiflim gostermifltir. Ucucu yaicerii bak›m›ndan 8 ve 22 numaral› populasyonlar, trans-anetol icin 26 nolu populasyon onerilmifltir.

https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/issues/tar-04-28-3/tar-28-3-4-0308-2.pdf

Variation in Essential Oil Content and Composition in Turkish Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Populations

Characteristics of fatty acids and essential oil from sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) and bitter fennel fruits (F. vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) growing in Turkey.

Sternbergia fischeriana is an endangered geophyte and therefore in vitro micropropagation of this plant will have great importance for germplasm conservation and commercial production. Bulb scale and immature embryo explants of S. fischeriana were cultured on different nutrient media supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators. Immature embryos produced higher number of bulblets than bulb scales. Large numbers of bulblets were regenerated (over 80 bulblets/explants) from immature embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.25 mg l−1α-naphthaleneacetic (NAA) or 2 mg l−12,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) after 14 months of culture initiation. Regenerated bulblets were kept at 5 °C for 5 weeks and then transplanted to a potting mixture.

Efficient in vitro bulblet regeneration from immature embryos of endangered Sternbergia fischeriana

Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts and corollas of Origanum acutidens (Hand-Mazz) Ietswaart, an endemic Turkish flora species, were analyzed by GC-MS The amounts of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts and the corollas were 073% and 093%, respectively Twenty-five components in both the aerial parts oil and the corolla oil, representing 9511% and 9388%, respectively, were identified The aerial parts and corolla oils were characterized by the predominance of two components: p-cymene (943% and 1751%) and carvacrol (6751% and 5233%), respectively The essential oils were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against ten bacteria by the disc diffusion assay Our findings showed the following order in the sensitivity to the essential oils, as indicated by the corresponding inhibition zones: Proteus vulgaris > Salmonella typhimurium > Enterobacter cloacae > Klebsiella pneumonia > Escherichia coli > Serratia marcescens > Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the aerial parts essential oil, and Salmonella typhimurium > Proteus vulgaris > Enterobacter cloacae > Escherichia coli > Klebsiella pneumoniae > Serratia marcescens > Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the corolla essential oil The studied essential oils thus exhibited a broad-spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas the tested Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the essential oil samples

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/5/1702/pdf

Chemical compositions and antibacterial activities of the essential oils from aerial parts and corollas of Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietswaart, an endemic species to Turkey.

Bilal Gürbüz

Papers

Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Varieties Sown in Spring and Winter

Variation in Essential Oil Content and Composition in Turkish Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Populations

Characteristics of fatty acids and essential oil from sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) and bitter fennel fruits (F. vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) growing in Turkey.

Efficient in vitro bulblet regeneration from immature embryos of endangered Sternbergia fischeriana

Chemical compositions and antibacterial activities of the essential oils from aerial parts and corollas of Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietswaart, an endemic species to Turkey.