A review on the magnetorheological fluid preparation and stabilization

Magnetorheological (MR) materials are classified as smart materials due to their responsiveness to external magnetic stimuli. Intensive research on MR materials has led to broad applications in several potential fields. A solid carrier matrix state called MR elastomer with its exceptional magnetic responsive feature is obtained by merging magnetizable particles within an elastomeric polymer. This integration results in outstanding characteristics on the rheological performances. Special prominence is given to the understanding of the base materials and fabrication as well as the functional behavior through various characterization methods. Broad applications of MREs are also explored to provide a profound market picture and to motivate researchers to develop novel technology. The functional behavior of MREs is briefly explained. The art of the materials provides the current position and mapping of the matrix and filler particles. Types of matrix and particles are mentioned together with the level of the research interest on MREs. Description of the fabrication is provided in simple diagrams as summarized from previous works to enhance the MREs performance. The possible tests to reveal the characteristics of the MREs are delivered with the global experimental setup. The review also explains the applications of MREs as well as discussion on the MREs future promising applications.

Recent Progress on Magnetorheological Solids: Materials, Fabrication, Testing, and Applications†

Smart materials are kinds of designed materials whose properties are controllable with the application of external stimuli such as the magnetic field, electric field, stress, and heat. Smart materials whose rheological properties are controlled by externally applied magnetic field are known as magneto-rheological materials. Magneto-rheological materials actively used for engineering applications include fluids, foams, grease, elastomers, and plastomers. In the last two decades, magneto-rheological materials have gained great attention of researchers significantly because of their salient controllable properties and potential applications to various fields such as automotive industry, civil environment, and military sector. This article offers a recent progressive review on the magneto-rheological materials technology, especially focusing on numerous application devices and systems utilizing magneto-rheological materials. Conceivable limitations, challenges, and comparable advantages of applying these magn...

A state of art on magneto-rheological materials and their potential applications:

Physical characteristics of magnetorheological suspensions and their applications

A novel high-performance magnetorheological material, named as magnetorheological plastomer (MRP), was developed by dispersing iron particles into a plastic polyurethane (PU) matrix. The dynamic properties (including storage modulus and loss factor) of the MRP material were systematically tested and the influences of the iron particle content and magnetic field were analyzed. It is found that the anisotropic MRP product with 80% iron particle weight fraction (A-MRP-80), shows a high dynamic property: the maximum magneto-induced storage modulus is 6.54 MPa; the relative MR effect reaches as high as 532%; the loss factor can be reduced to 0.03 by adjusting magnetic field. This kind of MRP shows a much higher magnetorheological performance than the previously reported magnetorhelogical elastomer (MRE). The mechanism for its high MR performance was proposed and the influence of the iron particle distribution and temperature on the dynamic properties were discussed.

A high-performance magnetorheological material: preparation, characterization and magnetic-mechanic coupling properties

Magnetorheological gels (MRGs) known as a new kind of magnetorheological material are composite gels containing magnetic particles suspended in polymer gels. In this study, a category of MR polymer gels based on polyurethane (PU) were prepared. The microstructures of these MRGs were observed with a digital microscope. Their rheological properties under both steady shear and oscillation testing were characterized by using a MR rhe- ometer. The viscosity of the PU MRG decreased with the increment of NCO/OH ratio and increased with the incre- ment of the weight concentration of carbonyl iron par- ticles, molecular mass of poly propylene glycol, and applied magnetic field. The storage modulus increased gradually with the increment of applied magnetic field and weight concentration of carbonyl iron particles. The PU MRG exhibits high static shear yield stress (60.8 kPa, at 573 mT) and dynamic shear yield stress (83.9 kPa, at 573 mT) and wide variation range (static shear yield stress: 6-62 kPa, dynamic shear yield stress: 15-85 kPa). These advantages indicate that PU MRG is able to satisfy wide applications. In addition, both static and dynamic shear yield stresses of the MRG samples increase with the incre- ment of molar mass of polypropylene glycol. V C 2010 Wiley

Study on the Properties of Magnetorheological Gel Based on Polyurethane

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are mainly composed of magnetizable particles and elastic polymer. The polymer matrix plays an important role in mechanical performances of MREs. In this study, the polyurethane (PU), which is synthesized by using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and poly (propylene glycol) (PPG-220), is selected as a matrix because it has better degradation stability than natural rubber and higher mechanical stability than silicone rubber. Four different MRE samples were fabricated by adjusting the reaction molar ratio of TDI to PPG to change the property of PU matrix. Structural characterization of the PU matrix was described by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The microstructures of samples were observed by using an environmental scanning electron microscope. The mechanical performances of samples, including shear modulus, magnetorheological effect (MR) effect, loss factor, and glass transition temperature (Tg), were characterized with dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results show that the shear modulus, the relative magnetic residual shear modulus and glass transition temperatures of samples increase with the increment of toluene diisocyanate, while the relative MR effects and loss factors decrease steadily. The experimental results indicate that optimal molar ratio (TDI : PPG) is 3 : 1. The field-induced shear modulus of sample with molar ratio 3 : 1 is 4.9 MPa, and the relative MR effect is 121% under an external magnetic field of 800 mT at room temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Influence of polyurethane properties on mechanical performances of magnetorheological elastomers

In this study, maleic anhydride (MA) was selected as the compatibilizer to modify the interfaces of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) for improving the damping property. Several samples of MREs with different contents of MA were prepared. The content of bound-rubber was measured by the extraction method. The microstructures were observed by using an environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM). The dynamic performances of these samples, including shear storage modulus, loss factor and MR effect were measured with a modified dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The tensile strength was tested by using an electronic tensile machine. The experimental results indicate that both the content of bound-rubber and the compatibility between the magnetic particles and rubber matrix were enhanced with the increase of MA. The enhancement of the bond between the two phases resulted in different mechanical properties: the increase of shear storage modulus; the reduction of the loss factor; the stability improvement of the loss factor; the enhancement of the tensile strength; and the reduction of the MR effect.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/19/5/055015/pdf

Bing Wei

Papers

Study on the Properties of Magnetorheological Gel Based on Polyurethane

Influence of polyurethane properties on mechanical performances of magnetorheological elastomers

Effect of maleic anhydride on the damping property of magnetorheological elastomers