Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) display a wide range of luminescent behaviors resulting from the multifaceted nature of their structure. In this critical review we discuss the origins of MOF luminosity, which include the linker, the coordinated metal ions, antenna effects, excimer and exciplex formation, and guest molecules. The literature describing these effects is comprehensively surveyed, including a categorization of each report according to the type of luminescence observed. Finally, we discuss potential applications of luminescent MOFs. This review will be of interest to researchers and synthetic chemists attempting to design luminescent MOFs, and those engaged in the extension of MOFs to applications such as chemical, biological, and radiation detection, medical imaging, and electro-optical devices (141 references).

Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks

Lanthanide-based luminescent hybrid materials.

Interpretation of europium(III) spectra

Cerium dioxide (CeO2, ceria) is becoming an ubiquitous constituent in catalytic systems for a variety of applications. 2016 sees the 40th anniversary since ceria was first employed by Ford Motor Company as an oxygen storage component in car converters, to become in the years since its inception an irreplaceable component in three-way catalysts (TWCs). Apart from this well-established use, ceria is looming as a catalyst component for a wide range of catalytic applications. For some of these, such as fuel cells, CeO2-based materials have almost reached the market stage, while for some other catalytic reactions, such as reforming processes, photocatalysis, water-gas shift reaction, thermochemical water splitting, and organic reactions, ceria is emerging as a unique material, holding great promise for future market breakthroughs. While much knowledge about the fundamental characteristics of CeO2-based materials has already been acquired, new characterization techniques and powerful theoretical methods are dee...

Fundamentals and Catalytic Applications of CeO2-Based Materials

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), defined as those technologies that utilize the hydroxyl radical (·OH) for oxidation, have received increasing attention in the research and development of wastewater treatment technologies in the last decades. These processes have been applied successfully for the removal or degradation of toxic pollutants or used as pretreatment to convert recalcitrant pollutants into biodegradable compounds that can then be treated by conventional biological methods. The efficacy of AOPs depends on the generation of reactive free radicals, the most important of which is the hydroxyl radical (·OH). The authors summarize the formation reactions of ·OH and the mechanisms of pollutants degradation. They cover six types of advanced oxidation processes, including radiation, photolysis and photocatalysis, sonolysis, electrochemical oxidation technologies, Fenton-based reactions, and ozone-based processes. Controversial issues in pollutants degradation mechanism were discussed. They review t...

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: Formation of Hydroxyl Radical and Application

Ternary organic/inorganic/polymeric hybrid material PVP-Eu-(DBM-Si) 3 (DBM = dibenzoylmethane; PVP = poly(4-vinylpyridine)) have been synthesized through the coordination bonds. The precursor DBM-Si is obtained by the modification of DBM molecule with a cross-linking reagent TEPIC (3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl isocyanate), which is used to form the inorganic Si–O–Si networks with TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) after a hydrolysis and polycondensation process. PVP, which is obtained through the polymerization reaction using 4-vinylpyridine as the monomer in the presence of BPO (benzoyl peroxide), is used to form the organic polymeric C–C chains. For comparison, the binary organic/inorganic hybrid material Eu-(DBM-Si) 3 was also synthesized simultaneously. FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectra), UV (ultraviolet absorption spectra), UV-DR (ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection absorption spectra), SEM (scanning electron micrograph), PL (photoluminescence spectroscopy) and LDT (luminescence decay time) measurements are used to investigate the physical properties of the obtained hybrid materials. The results reveal that the ternary hybrids presents more regular morphology, higher red/orange ratio, stronger luminescent intensity, higher 5 D 0 luminescence quantum efficiency and longer lifetime than the binary one, suggesting the property of the overall hybrid system is improved with the introduction of the organic polymer PVP.

Coordination bonding assembly and photophysical properties of Europium organic/inorganic/polymeric hybrid materials

Matrix-induced synthesis and photoluminescence of M2RENbO6: Eu3+ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; Re = Y, Gd, La) phosphors by hybrid precursors

A novel europium complex, Eu(Hdinic)(dinic)(H2O)5·4H2O (dinic = 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction methods. The complex has a mononuclear molecular structure, is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 13.877(5), b = 9.632(3), c = 32.991(11) A, β = 93.414(4)°, V = 4402(2) A3, D c = 1.948 Mg m−3, Z = 8, F(000) = 2576, R 1 = 0.0320. Its photophysical properties are reported.

Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of a novel luminescent europium complex of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid

Photofunctional hybrid based lanthanide functionalized metal-organic frameworks by ion exchange and coordination modification for luminescent sensing

Photoactive hybrids with the functionalized Schiff-base derivatives covalently bonded inorganic silica network: Sol–gel synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence

Bing Yan

Papers

Coordination bonding assembly and photophysical properties of Europium organic/inorganic/polymeric hybrid materials

Matrix-induced synthesis and photoluminescence of M2RENbO6: Eu3+ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; Re = Y, Gd, La) phosphors by hybrid precursors

Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of a novel luminescent europium complex of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid

Photofunctional hybrid based lanthanide functionalized metal-organic frameworks by ion exchange and coordination modification for luminescent sensing

Photoactive hybrids with the functionalized Schiff-base derivatives covalently bonded inorganic silica network: Sol–gel synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence