Flows of packets are dynamically mapped to resource queues. Flows of packets are received at a network device to be routed from the network device in a network. Each flow comprises packets to be sent from a source to a connection. Data is stored for a queue allocation table that maintains a plurality of buckets to which received packets for a flow are assigned and indicating which of a plurality of resource queues are allocated for respective buckets. For each packet in a flow, a hash function is computed from values in a header of the packet and the packet is assigned to one of the plurality of buckets based on the computed hash function. One of a plurality of resource queues is allocated for each bucket to which packets are assigned based on the computed hash function.

Dynamic load balancing without packet reordering

The demand for mobile communication is continuously increasing, and mobile devices are now the communication device of choice for many people. To guarantee connectivity and performance, mobile devices are typically equipped with multiple interfaces. To this end, exploiting multiple available interfaces is also a crucial aspect of the upcoming 5G standard for reducing costs, easing network management, and providing a good user experience. Multi-path protocols, such as multi-path TCP (MPTCP), can be used to provide performance optimization through load-balancing and resilience to coverage drops and link failures, however, they do not automatically guarantee better performance. For instance, low-latency communication has been proven hard to achieve when a device has network interfaces with asymmetric capacity and delay (e.g., LTE and WLAN). For multi-path communication, the data scheduler is vital to provide low latency, since it decides over which network interface to send individual data segments. In this paper, we focus on the MPTCP scheduler with the goal of providing a good user experience for latency-sensitive applications when interface quality is asymmetric. After an initial assessment of existing scheduling algorithms, we present two novel scheduling techniques: the block estimation (BLEST) scheduler and the shortest transmission time first (STTF) scheduler. BLEST and STTF are compared with existing schedulers in both emulated and real-world environments and are shown to reduce web object transmission times with up to 51% and provide 45% faster communication for interactive applications, compared with MPTCP’s default scheduler.

Low-Latency Scheduling in MPTCP

Latency-minimization is recognized as one of the pillars of 5G network architecture design. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) appears a promising candidate technology for building an agile communication model that reduces latency through in-network caching. However, no proposal has developed so far latency-aware cache management mechanisms for ICN. In the paper, we investigate the role of latency awareness on data delivery performance in ICN and introduce LAC, a new simple, yet very effective, Latency-Aware Cache management policy. The designed mechanism leverages in a distributed fashion local latency observations to decide whether to store an object in a network cache. The farther the object, latency-wise, the more favorable the caching decision. By means of simulations, show that LAC outperforms state of the art proposals and results in a reduction of the content mean delivery time and standard deviation by up to 50%, along with a very fast convergence to these figures.

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LAC: Introducing Latency-Aware Caching in Information-Centric Networks - Technical Report.

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications and cloud radio access network (C-RAN) can improve Spectrum Efficiency (SE). However, extremely severe intra-cell interference and inter-cell interference hinder the improvement of energy efficiency (EE). In the existing typical work, a centralized interference mitigation algorithm is deployed in cellular infrastructure to try to eliminate these types of interferences. Although this method improves the quality of service, it hardly reduces the energy consumption of cellular user equipments (UEs). Moreover, it increases the energy consumption of cellular infrastructure. In this paper, we first introduce out-band D2D relays to assist the cellular communications, which can shorten the average transmission distance of cellular UEs and thus make them improve their EE and reduce the inter-cell interference for each other. Then, we propose an energy-efficient resource sharing scheme to determine channel selection and power allocation. Next, we formulate the resource sharing problem as the noncooperative game model, where each UE optimizes its EE respectively with the aid of the remote radio heads in C-RAN. Finally, in order to obtain the optimal EE of each UE, we let the non-concave optimization problem be transformed into the concave form by using constraint relaxation and nonlinear fractional programming and solve the transformed problem by Dinkelbach's method and the Lagrangian duality theory. The simulation results show that the SE and EE of cellular UEs can be improved by 64.63% and 24.97%, respectively when adopting the parameters with the best values in our relay selection strategies.

Energy-Efficient Resource Sharing Scheme With Out-Band D2D Relay-Aided Communications in C-RAN-Based Underlay Cellular Networks

A method of radio bearer transmission in dual connectivity for a network in a long term evolution (LTE) system is disclosed. The method comprises generating at least a packet data convergence protocol protocol data unit (PDCP PDU) by a PDCP entity of the network corresponding to a radio bearer (RB), and assigning each PDCP PDU with an identity, wherein the identity indicates which PDCP entity the PDCP PDU belongs to.

Method of Radio Bearer Transmission in Dual Connectivity

The data explosion and resource scarcity of mobile cellular networks require new paradigms to effectively integrate heterogeneous radio resources. Of many candidate approaches, smart aggregation of LTE and Wi-Fi radios is a promising solution that bonds heterogeneous links to meet a mobile terminal’s bandwidth need. Motivated by the existence of a significant number of carrier operated Wi-Fi APs, we propose an easily deployable mechanism, called LTE-W, which efficiently utilizes LTE and Wi-Fi links only with the minimum change of eNodeBs, LTE backhaul networks, and mobile terminals. LTE-W, which is a link-level aggregation mechanism, has the following two key components: 1) mode selection and 2) bearer-split scheduling. First, in the mode selection, LTE-W internally decides who should be served by either LTE-only or LTE-Wi-Fi aggregation considering intra-cell fairness rather than just following users’ intention of aggregation. For the users’ preference to be offered the aggregation service, we choose a bearer (roughly defined in LTE as a set of flows with a similar QoS) as a basic unit of aggregation and propose a smart intra-bearer scheduling algorithm that splits a bearer’s traffic into LTE and Wi-Fi links, considering the performance of TCP flows that take two heterogeneous wireless links. We evaluate our mechanism using the NS-3 with LENA, under various configurations, including nodes with mobility and HTTP traffic, and compare it with a transport-level aggregation mechanism, multipath TCP (MPTCP), demonstrating that LTE-W significantly improves MPTCP, e.g., up to 75% in terms of Jain’s fairness index.

Aggregating LTE and Wi-Fi: Toward Intra-Cell Fairness and High TCP Performance

The present invention relates to a method for determining a communication method between a base station and a terminal and, more particularly, to a method and an apparatus allowing a base station to lead the setting of a communication method including wireless LAN communication between the base station and the terminal. The method by which a first network base station determines the communication method, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: receiving access related information from an access point of the terminal and a second network; and determining the communication method with the terminal among a plurality of communication methods on the basis of the access related information, wherein the plurality of communication methods comprise a first network dedicated carrier aggregation, a second network dedicated carrier aggregation or a carrier aggregation between the first network and the second network. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method and the apparatus for determining the communication method between the base station and the terminal enable users to obtain a higher quality of experience by allowing an LTE base station to lead the determining of the communication method, by considering a user preference and a present network state, and can improve the communication performance by reducing a load inside the network. Disclosed is a 5G or pre-5G communication system to be provided for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G communication system, such as the LTE, and subsequent systems.

Method and apparatus for determining communication method between base station and terminal in wireless communication system

People are seeking solutions in diverse directions to cope with mobile data explosion and resource scarcity in mobile cellular networks. Of many candidate approaches, smart aggregation of LTE and Wi-Fi radios is a promising solution that bonds heterogeneous links to meet a mobile terminal's available bandwidth need. Motivated by the existence of a significant number of carrier-operated Wi-Fi APs, we propose a mechanism, called LTE-W, of efficiently utilizing LTE and Wi-Fi links only with the minimum changes of eNodeBs, LTE backhaul networks, and mobile terminals. Our mechanism has the following two key components: (i) mode selection and (ii) bearer-split scheduling. In the mode selection, LTE-W internally decides who should be served by either of LTE or LTE-Wi-Fi aggregation considering intra-cell fairness rather than just following users' intention of aggregation. For the users decided to be offered the aggregation service, we choose a bearer (roughly defined a set of flows with a similar QoS in LTE) as a basic unit of aggregation and propose a smart intra-bearer scheduling algorithm that splits a bearer's traffic into LTE and Wi-Fi links, considering the tuning of TCP flows that take two heterogeneous wireless links. We evaluate our mechanism using the NS-3 with LENA, and compare it to a transport-level aggregation mechanism, MPTCP, demonstrating that LTE-W significantly improves MPTCP, e.g., up to 75% in terms of Jain's fairness index.

Aggregating LTE and Wi-Fi: Fairness and split-scheduling

The Internet is becoming more and more content-oriented. CDN (Content Distribution Networks) has been a popular architecture compatible with the current Internet, and a new revolutionary paradigm such as ICN (Information Centric Networking) has studied. One of the main components in both CDN and ICN is considering cache on network. Despite a surge of extensive use of cache in the current and future Internet architectures, analysis on the performance of general cache networks are still quite limited due to complex inter-plays among various components and thus analytical intractability. Due to mathematical tractability, we consider 'static' cache policies and study asymptotic delay performance of those policies in cache networks, in particular, focusing on the impact of heterogeneous content popularities and nodes' geographical 'importances' in caching policies. Furthermore, our simulation results suggest that they perform quite similarly as popular 'dynamic' policies such as LFU (Least-Frequently-Used) and LRU (Least-Recently-Used). We believe that our theoretical findings provide useful engineering implications such as when and how various factors have impact on caching performance.

On the Delay Scaling Laws of Cache Networks

The present invention relates to a method for determining a communication method between a base station and a terminal and, more specifically, to a method for allowing a base station to lead the setting of a communication method including wireless LAN communication between a base station and the terminal and a device thereof. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method by which a first network base station determines a communication method includes: a step of receiving connection related information from an access point of the terminal and a second network; and a step of determining a communication method with the terminal among a plurality of communication methods based on the connection related information. The plurality of the communication methods includes a first network exclusive carrier aggregation, a second network exclusive carrier aggregation, or a carrier aggregation between the first network and the second network. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining a communication method between a base station and a terminal and a device thereof enable users to obtain a higher quality of experience by allowing an LTE base station to lead the determining of the communication method, by considering a user preference and a current network state, and can improve the communication performance by reducing a load within the network.

Boram Jin

Papers

Aggregating LTE and Wi-Fi: Toward Intra-Cell Fairness and High TCP Performance

Method and apparatus for determining communication method between base station and terminal in wireless communication system

Aggregating LTE and Wi-Fi: Fairness and split-scheduling

On the Delay Scaling Laws of Cache Networks

Method and apparatus for determining method of communication between base station and terminal in wireless communication system