Europe and the World

The study aims to examine the geoeconomic significance of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to China’s global geopolitical ends. In this vein, the paper also seeks to explore the interplay between China’s grand geoeconomic strategy and China’s geopolitical ends from a realist perspective.,The study uses the realism theory to explore the interplay between China’s geoeconomic presence in the GCC countries and its geopolitical global ends.,The study concludes that China under President Xi Jinping has geopolitical ends, and they are the regional and global leadership. To achieve them, President Xi has formulated a grand geoeconomic strategy consisting of four strategies: going out strategy, periphery strategy, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. These strategies will maximize China’s economic power and presence around the world. From a realist perspective, this presence and its evolving consequences such as the balance of dependence will enable China to achieve its geopolitical ends. In this vein, China’s geoeconomic strategy in the GCC countries has largely maximized China’s economic presence in the Gulf. This presence highly serving China’s geopolitical global ends for two reasons: the economic weight of the GCC countries and their strategic location within BRI.,The study can prove the realistic dimension of geoeconomics in the neoliberal era on the application to China’s geoeconomic strategy.

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GCC countries’ geoeconomic significance to China’s geopolitical ends

The article discusses the geopolitical position of Russia and its national security from the perspective of the risk society concept. Several types of risks are analyzed: global risks, geo-economical risks. The essay identifies the concept and nature of political and geopolitical risks.

Geopolitical, Geo-Economic Risks and National Security of Russia

In the era of wars waged by the use of economic sanctions, competing trade regimes, exchange rates and the manipulation of the prices of raw materials and currencies, the World Economic Forum (WEF) listed seven challenges that are connected to the appropriate development of geoeconomic strategies. Globalization enabled great powers to devise a strategy for the whole world without giving up their regional hegemon status. In recent years, the countries wielding less power have also been concentrating around regional hegemons. However, excessive interdependence may just as much be the force maintaining the fragile security as the catalyst for war: close relationships, especially when unbalanced, may easily sour.

The Age of Geoeconomics

Urry, John Climate Change and Society Cambridge: Polity Press 2011 200 pp. £55 (hardback) £15.99 (paperback)

The article deals with modern trends in geoeconomics and geopolitics. Geo-economics takes the leading role in the relation geopolitics geo-economics. It has been shown that geo-politics increases its influence in the modern world. The areas of Land and Sea are supplemented by air, underwater, near-earth, extraterrestrial, far-out space, virtual, informational and other spaces. The world politics becomes more pluralistic and fulfills itself in the area of the national economy. Keywords—geo-economics, geopolitics, geospace, global economy, geopolitical trends, geo-economical trends

Boris А. Isaev

Papers

Modern Trends in Geo-Economics and Geopolitics

Geopolitical, Geo-Economic Risks and National Security of Russia

Geopolitical leadership in the modern world

Geo-economics as a structural element of geopolitics