Recent studies of nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds as novel antiviral agents: A review.

In this paper, the first study on NH4CN polymerization induced by microwave radiation is described, where a singular kinetic behaviour, especially when this reaction is conducted in the absence of air, is found. As a result, a complex conjugated N-heterocyclic polymer system is obtained, whose properties are very different, and even improved according to morphological features, characterized by their X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy analysis, with respect to those produced under conventional thermal treatment. In addition, a wide variety of relevant bioorganics have been identified, such as amino acids, nucleobases, co-factors, etc., from the synthetized NH4CN polymers. These particular families of polymers are of high interest in the fields of astrobiology and prebiotic chemistry and, more recently, in the development of smart multifunctional materials. From an astrobiological perspective, microwave-driven syntheses may simulate hydrothermal environments, which are considered ideal niches for increasing organic molecular complexity, and eventually as scenarios for an origin of life. From an industrial point of view and for potential applications, a microwave irradiation process leads to a notable decrease in the reaction times, and tune the properties of these new series macromolecular systems. The characteristics found for these materials encourage the development of further systematic research on this alternative HCN polymerization.

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A dual perspective on the microwave-assisted synthesis of HCN polymers towards the chemical evolution and design of functional materials

Pyridine Derivatives as Biologically Active Precursors; Organics and Selected Coordination Complexes

One central challenge for XXI century chemists is the development of sustainable processes that do not represent a risk either to humanity or to the environment. In this regard, the search for more efficient and clean alternatives to achieve the chemical activation of molecules involved in chemical transformations has played a prominent role in recent years. The use of microwave or UV-Vis light irradiation, and mechanochemical activation is already widespread in many laboratories. Nevertheless, an additional condition to achieve “green” processes comes from the point of view of so-called atom economy. The removal of solvents from chemical reactions generally leads to cleaner, more efficient and more economical processes. This review presents several illustrative applications of the use of sustainable protocols in the synthesis of organic compounds under solvent-free reaction conditions.

Novel Methodologies for Chemical Activation in Organic Synthesis under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions.

Insights into the structure activity relationship of nitrogen-containing heterocyclics for the development of antidepressant compounds: An updated review

Nitrogen containing heterocycles are of immense research interest because they are often found as naturally occurring bioactive compounds. The prominence of N-heterocycles makes it vital to develop methods to increase their synthetic efficiencies and probe the effects of their modifications on biological efficacy. Medicinal chemists have exploited microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) to facilitate the development of complex heterocyclic structures. MAOS is a growing synthetic methodology among medicinal chemists and has proven to be more efficient in terms of reaction yield, reaction time, product purity and environmental friendliness for many reactions when compared to conventional thermal methods for cycloaddition and selective functionalization. The importance of nitrogen containing ring systems in medicine cannot be understated, as such ring systems have shown to be applicable in compounds such as vitamins, herbicides, anti-fungal agents, anti-bacterial agents and anti-cancer agents, among other things. The significance of these applications has created an unprecedented need for more efficient synthetic methods. This review presents an overview of MAOS and its role in recent and pressing advancements for the synthesis of small- and medium-sized nitrogen containing heterocycles, including pyrroles, indoles, pyridines, pyrrolidines, imidazoles, pyrazoles, pyrazolines, lactams, and 1,2,3-triazoles, which are significant scaffolds for compounds with medicinal uses.

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Brian Savino

Papers

Benefits and applications of microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles in medicinal chemistry