Brunetto Chiarelli

TL;DR: Following the most stringent current standards for validation of ancient DNA sequences, it is shown that the mtDNAs of two anatomically modern Homo sapiens sapiens individuals of the Cro-Magnon type dated at about 23 and 25 thousand years ago fall well within the range of variation of today's humans, but differ sharply from the available sequences of the chronologically closer Neandertals.

TL;DR: Mitochondrial DNA sequences in multiple clones derived from bone samples of 80 Etruscans who lived between the 7th and the 3rd centuries b.c. show closer evolutionary relationships with the eastern Mediterranean shores for the Etr Tuscan populations than for modern Italian populations, suggesting that different Etruscan communities shared not only a culture but also a mitochondrial gene pool.

TL;DR: From the chromosomal perspective, the pygmy chimpanzee is not the best model for the last common ancestor of both humans and African apes, and all the African apes have evolved more from this lastcommon ancestor than is generally considered.

TL;DR: Differentiation of the volatile patterns among pregnant women may help newborns to distinguish their own mothers, and human pheromones play a role in regulating relationships and apparently influence partner choice and mother–infant recognition.

TL;DR: Common, derived karyological features may indicate that the Gorilla and Pan share a period of common descent after the divergence of Homo sapiens.