Site formation processes must be understood before the goals of archaeology can be attained. Modern and historical populations are examined here to construct a partial model of discard behavior, one formation process. Findings indicate that both sedentary and migratory populations discard materials outside their use location and that only some migratory peoples discard material elements at their use location.

Discard Location: The Ethnographic Data

The demographic correlates of idiocentrism and allocentrism (the within-culture measures of individualism and collectivism) were investigated in Sri Lanka. A sample of 438 Sri Lankan respondents, from a wide variety of demographic contexts, provided data for the study. Factor analysis revealed that idiocentrism and allocentrism in Sri Lanka are independent, unipolar factors, rather than opposites on a single, bipolar dimension. Socioeconomic status was a strong negative correlate of allocentrism, and urban residence was a strong positive correlate of idiocentrism; English language fluency, overseas experience, age, occupational status, and educational level were also correlated with the value syndromes. The findings were discussed both within the context of Sri Lankan culture and in terms of their applicability to other cultural settings.

Demographic Correlates of Individualism and Collectivism A Study of Social Values in Sri Lanka

This book deals with the confrontation of Buddhism and Brahmanism in India. Both depended on support from the royal court, but Buddhism had less to offer in return than Brahmanism. Buddhism developed in a manner to make up for this.

https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_0AE49B543099.P001/REF.pdf

Buddhism in the Shadow of Brahmanism

Thai “injection doctors”: Antibiotic mediators

Riots, rebellions, and other disturbances have broken out periodically in most parts of South Asia in modern times. Both early resistance to British rule and the religious and nationalist violence of the later colonial period have attracted a good deal of attention from scholars. One of the general trends apparent from this research is the weakening of distinctions among “communal,” “economic,” and “political” disturbances, and detailed studies have emphasized the ambiguity of most riots. Ostensibly religious affrays often reflected more general social and economic tensions, while the expression of economic grievances was often channeled by cultural or political beliefs.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2056900.pdf

Social Mobility, Popular Ideology, and Collective Violence in Modern Sri Lanka

Caste in modern Ceylon : the Sinhalese system in transition

Village Life in Modern Thailand.

social groups which place greatest emphasis upon his doing so. In contrast, it seems to be no more difficult for schizophrenics who belong to "deprived" social groups to achieve the same degree of status mobility as controls. Whether failure to achieve in the middle class leads more persons to schizophrenia than does failure in the lower class, or whether schizophrenia tends to prevent persons from attaining a higher degree of success in the more highly competitive groups (the middle class) are questions which cannot be answered here. These data lead quite naturally, though, to the more general concern of the impact of urban socio-cultural pressures upon personality integration. Some social scientists studying one prestige variable or another have tended to impute a causal relationship between an individual's attempt to cope with such pressures and his development of mental illness. Psychiatrists on the other hand have more often rejected this interpretation from their clinical experiences. Bleuler 9 in his classic discussion of schizophrenia states unhesitatingly that he has never seen any indications that would suggest a relationship between "overwork" or "strain" and development of schizophrenia, but that overwork is sometimes a symptom of the disease in its first phases. Bleuler also points out that overwork is often used as an apology for the patient's illness by his family. More research is needed into this complex problem. The differentials found in group matchings suggest the importance of longitudinal studies of schizophrenic patients and controls in various sub-cultures of our society. Aspirations of the individual and his parents in his early childhood, at his adolescence, and at whatever point his overt symptoms develop, should be taken into account. Further attempts to match large groups of psychoneurotic with schizophrenic patients and non-mentally ill persons is certainly indicated to ascertain incidence rates. Longitudinal studies on psychoneurotic patients in various sub-groups of the population are also in order. 9 Eugen Bleuler, Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias, translated by Joseph Zinkin, New York: International Universities Press, 1950, p. 344.

Bryce Ryan

Papers

Caste in modern Ceylon : the Sinhalese system in transition

Village Life in Modern Thailand.

Secularization of Family Values in Ceylon

Sinhalese Social Organization: The Kandyan Period.@@@Some Aspects of Traditional Sinhalese Culture: A Symposium.