Assessment of railway noise in an urban setting

This paper describes the development of a model for assessing TRAffic Noise EXposure (TRANEX) in an open-source geographic information system. Instead of using proprietary software we developed our own model for two main reasons: 1) so that the treatment of source geometry, traffic information (flows/speeds/spatially varying diurnal traffic profiles) and receptors matched as closely as possible to that of the air pollution modelling being undertaken in the TRAFFIC project, and 2) to optimize model performance for practical reasons of needing to implement a noise model with detailed source geometry, over a large geographical area, to produce noise estimates at up to several million address locations, with limited computing resources. To evaluate TRANEX, noise estimates were compared with noise measurements made in the British cities of Leicester and Norwich. High correlation was seen between modelled and measured LAeq,1hr (Norwich: r?=?0.85, p?=?.000; Leicester: r?=?0.95, p?=?.000) with average model errors of 3.1?dB. TRANEX was used to estimate noise exposures (LAeq,1hr, LAeq,16hr, Lnight) for the resident population of London (2003-2010). Results suggest that 1.03 million (12%) people are exposed to daytime road traffic noise levels???65?dB(A) and 1.63 million (19%) people are exposed to night-time road traffic noise levels???55?dB(A). Differences in noise levels between 2010 and 2003 were on average relatively small: 0.25?dB (standard deviation: 0.89) and 0.26?dB (standard deviation: 0.87) for LAeq,16hr and Lnight. Display Omitted Adaptation of the Calculation of Road Traffic Noise method for exposure assessment.Freely available open-source software (R with PostgreSQL and GRASS GIS).Model estimates compared well to noise measurements (r: ~0.85-0.95).Noise level exposures modelled for 8.61 million London residents (2003-2010).Over 1 million residents exposed to high daytime and night-time noise levels.

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Development of an open-source road traffic noise model for exposure assessment

Noise pollution distribution in each city around the world is necessarily influenced by its own design. A lot of factor associated to urban planning have a considerable effect on volume of traffic, vehicles distribution, traffic conditions, etc. And it is know that, from a temporal and spatial point of view, the most important source of noise in cities is road traffic. For that, good relationships between urban planning and different factors such as urban density, urban morphology, urban land use, street distribution, street environment and green spaces are being founded. In this way, the fact of finding a sustainable city could be closer, at least with respect to noise pollution. A good knowledge of these relationships would allow better prediction, analysis and prevention of such pollution through an effective design of urban environments. However, although in the first decade of XXI century these relationships were treated in some works, only some aspects of these problems were considered, essentially focused on street functionality. In the last years, this topic has reached more important development and more studies focused on the analysis of the relationships between the distributions of pollution and urbanism. This work makes a revision of spatial sampling methodologies for noise pollution assessment in relation with urban planning and a review of studies that have analysed the relationships between urban noise and different specifics aspects of urban design.

Noise Pollution and Urban Planning

Modeling urban vertical growth using cellular automata—Guangzhou as a case study

Exploring spatial relationships among soundscape variables in urban areas: A spatial statistical modelling approach

Noise impact assessment by utilizing noise map and GIS: A case study in the city of Chungju, Republic of Korea

Mitochondria-targeted ROS- and GSH-responsive diselenide-crosslinked polymer dots for programmable paclitaxel release

The effects of structure on sound absorption and sound transmission loss (TL) of a composite sheet were investigated. Non-woven polyethylene terephthalate fabrics were bonded to the top side and the bottom side of the polypropylene (PP) board by hot press method. The absorption coefficient of the composite sheet using non-woven fabric with a surface density of 0.64 kg/m2 was 0.1~0.2. It showed 100~400% improvement compared to that of plain PP board. TL of a composite sheet was increased with the surface density of PP board and with introducing hemisphere cavities. Two different structures of composite sheet were prepared using flat sheet and sine-wave sheet to investigate the structure effect. The composite sheet A with a sine-wave sheet on both sides of flat PP board showed increased TL of 7 dB compared to the composite sheet B with a flat PP board on both sides of a sine-wave sheet.

Effect of structure on sound absorption and sound transmission loss of composite sheet

Using GIS data of C-si as basic data when making noise map of road traffic, we estimated exactly the noise excess areas and consequently suggested the population and the area exposed to road traffic noise accurately. We made 3D noise map to assess regional distribution of noise quantitatively. The noise map consists of noise prediction model based on data base such as traffic volume and speed changes for estimating quantitatively the noise and 3D urban space model which includes locations of noise sources, 3D buildings, topography and roads. We made noise standard map according to land use conditions and compared this map to road traffic noise map, and consequently made excess noise map. Using excess noise map, we assessed areas which exceed environmental noise level standards and noise guidelines quantitatively and effectively through GIS spatial analysis, and consequently more accurate noise exposed area and noise exposed population could be estimated. To show buildings` outer walls noise exposure, we analyzed 3D urban noise distributions using 3D-analysis of GIS.

https://www.koreascience.kr:443/article/JAKO200934939663452.pdf

Excess Noise Map for Environmental Standard and Assessment of Noise with Using GIS Data

Biosensor development for bacterial detection is critical to preventing infectious disease outbreaks caused by bacterial contamination. Recent studies have focused on colorimetric sensors, but high limit of detection (LOD) has restricted their application for sensitive bacterial detection. Here, we designed a reusable, sensitive smartphone-based electrochemical biosensor which uses electroconductive boronic acid-modified polymer dot (B-PD)-coated electrode to detect bacterial contamination. The pH-selective boronic acid in B-PD promotes binding between sensor and bacteria via increased diol-diol kinetics of boronic acid at pH 7.4. B-PD-coated electrodes can detect both gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria by observing the conductivity change after attachment (101-107 CFU/mL), with high sensitivity, as indicated by low LOD (E. coli=100.8 CFU/mL, S. aureus=101 CFU/mL). The electronic signal from bacterial detection is transmitted to smartphone by connecting B-PD-coated electrode with wireless microcontroller, which allows for simple in-line monitoring. This biosensor demonstrated excellent performance in detecting bacteria in real environmental samples, along with good selectivity towards bacteria, even in the presence of interfering compounds. Moreover, by maintaining boronic acid-diol interaction, B-PD-coated electrode can be reused after applying pH shock (pH

Byung-Chan Lee

Papers

Noise impact assessment by utilizing noise map and GIS: A case study in the city of Chungju, Republic of Korea

Mitochondria-targeted ROS- and GSH-responsive diselenide-crosslinked polymer dots for programmable paclitaxel release

Effect of structure on sound absorption and sound transmission loss of composite sheet

Excess Noise Map for Environmental Standard and Assessment of Noise with Using GIS Data

Reusable biosensor-based polymer dot-coated electrode surface for wireless detection of bacterial contamination