White lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

A 2-year study of autumn-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) was conducted under rainfed Mediterranean conditions in southern Spain. 108 landraces were evaluated for yield and major phonological and plant structural characteristics. Path coefficient and Genotype-Trait (GT) biplot analysis were used. Applying both types of analyses to the multiple trait data revealed that GT biplot graphically displayed the interrelationships among traits and facilitated visual comparison of accessions and selection. Wide variation was observed for trait phenology (dates of flowering and maturity), plant structure (plant and first order inflorescence height) and yield characters (first order branches, first order inflorescence and total yield). It was found that the accessions with the highest yields were the tallest and the latest to flower, both on the mainstem and on the lowest first order branch, and also were the latest to mature. GT biplots also had suggested as the accessions have been displayed according to their origins. The results showed that foreign germplasm may be an important material for improving some yield components such as number of pods and seeds per plant of locally adapted lupins in Spain.

Biplot analysis of trait relations of white lupin in Spain

Les modifications de l'architecture des couverts peuvent etre utilisees pour ameliorer l'adaptation des cultures a differents environnements et pour accroitre le rendement en graines et sa stabilite. Les particularites architecturales des legumineuses a grosses graines resident dans leur croissance indeterminee et la presence de gousses presentant des parois epaisses. La croissance indeterminee peut conduire a un cycle de croissance prolongee avec des consequences sur la maturation et a une forte competition entre la croissance reproductrice et la croissance vegetative pour la repartition des assimilats. Les raisons pour lesquelles les geneticiens ont cherche a modifier l'architecture des legumineuses a grosses graines ainsi que les strategies qui permettent d'ameliorer le rendement en graines sont presentees. Les principales composantes de l'architecture des couverts sont analysees. La date de floraison est d'une importance majeure pour l'adaptation des cultures aux conditions environnementales. La structure des ramifications qui peut etre genetiquement modifiee independamment d'autres modifications architecturales contribue a la mise en place de l'indice foliaire. La taille des feuilles et leur structure contribuent egalement a l'indice foliaire des couverts et leurs modifications peuvent influencer l'efficience d'interception du rayonnement. La croissance determinee modifie profondement la duree du cycle de croissance et la repartition des assimilats alors que le nanisme peut ameliorer l'adaptation aux conditions environnementales en reduisant les risques de verse. Enfin, les parois des gousses qui peuvent contribuer par photosynthese a la nutrition carbonee des graines representent a la recolte une part importante de la biomasse des gousses. Ceci reduit l'indice de recolte des couverts. Pour chacun de ces caracteres, les modifications genetiques observees chez les differentes legumineuses a grosses graines sont presentees ainsi que leur determinisme genetique. Les consequences sur l'elaboration du rendement et l'adaptation des cultures sont analysees. Les limites des modifications architecturales sont evaluees et l'interet de combiner approche morphogenetique et approche fonctionnelle est discute.

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Genetics and genetic modifications of plant architecture in grain legumes: a review

Adaptation, diversity, and exploitation of global white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landrace genetic resources.

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a valuable source of seed protein, carbohydrates and oil, but requires genetic improvement to attain its agronomic potential. This study aimed to (i) develop a new high-density consensus linkage map based on new, transcriptome-anchored markers; (ii) map four important agronomic traits, namely, vernalization requirement, seed alkaloid content, and resistance to anthracnose and Phomopsis stem blight; and, (iii) define regions of synteny between the L. albus and narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) genomes. Mapping of white lupin quantitative trait loci (QTLs) revealed polygenic control of vernalization responsiveness and anthracnose resistance, as well as a single locus regulating seed alkaloid content. We found high sequence collinearity between white and narrow-leafed lupin genomes. Interestingly, the white lupin QTLs did not correspond to previously mapped narrow-leafed lupin loci conferring vernalization independence, anthracnose resistance, low alkaloids and Phomopsis stem blight resistance, highlighting different genetic control of these traits. Our suite of allele-sequenced and PCR validated markers tagging these QTLs is immediately applicable for marker-assisted selection in white lupin breeding. The consensus map constitutes a platform for synteny-based gene cloning approaches and can support the forthcoming white lupin genome sequencing efforts.

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A high-density consensus linkage map of white lupin highlights synteny with narrow-leafed lupin and provides markers tagging key agronomic traits.

The seed yields and maturity dates of an indeterminate cultivar (Lunoble) and a determinate line (CH304/70) of Lupinus albus L. were measured at three locations in France (Lusignan, Dijon and Gotheron) and at Rothamsted, UK, in 1989/90 and 1990/91. Different combinations of sowing dates, plant densities and irrigation treatments were tested at some sites. Averaged over all sites, CH304/70 yielded more than Lunoble (3.26 v. 2.98 t/ha) but there were significant genotype x location interactions for yield and date of maturity. Both genotypes gave similar yields at the three locations in France (3.13 and 3.06 t/ha, respectively) (.)

Seed yield and yield stability of determinate and indeterminate autumn-sown white lupins ( Lupinus albus ) grown at different locations in France and the UK

Determinate architecture is of great interest for lupin production in Europe but the extent of genetic and environmental variation in the structure and yield of determinate lupins must be evaluated. Forty-three genotypes of determinate autumn-sown white lupin were studied in four environments in France in 1991/92 and 1992/93. Wide variation was observed for phenological (dates of mainstem and branch flowering, date of end of flowering and date of maturity), morphological (numbers of branch orders, branches and leaves) and seed characters (seed yield, mean seed weight, number of seeds/m2). Both genetic and environmental effects contributed to the observed variation. Heritabilities were high for all characters, and the interaction between genotype and location effects was low. There were significant positive correlations of flowering dates with vegetative plant development including the number of branches, number of leaves and number of branch orders. Seed yield and phenological and archtectural characters were significantly correlated. Distribution of yield on the vegetative orders showed important variations according the genotype, and the variations were related to variation for the architecture. There are possibilities for yield improvement using morphological characters in determinate autumn-sown lupin.

Genetic and environmental variation in architecture and yield components in determinate white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Variabilite genetique du rendement en graines et de l'architecture chez le lupin blanc d'hiver de type nain. Le nanisme est un moyen de reduire le developpement vegetatif exuberant du lupin blanc d'hiver. Trente-cinq genotypes de lupin blanc d'hiver de type nain ont ete evalues dans cinq milieux en France. Ces trente-cinq genotypes sont XA 100, le geniteur de nanisme et trente-quatre autres genotypes nains selectionnes dans la descendance de croisements entre XA100 et des genotypes non-nains. Le rendement en grains, le poids de 1 000 grains et le nombre de grains par metre carre presentent une large variabilite genetique et une forte heritabilite. Le rendement moyen de la population naine est egal a 37,8 q/ha et celui du geniteur de nanisme a 34,9 q/ha. Sur les cinq milieux, l'interaction genotype milieu n'est pas significative pour le rendement en grains. Les ramifications primaires constituent le niveau de ramification ayant la plus forte contribution au rendement. Des caracteres d'architecture ont ete notes dans quatre lieux. La date de floraison et le nombre de feuilles sont genetiquement tres variables. La longueur des entre-noeuds varie selon les genotypes. Peu de relations ont ete observees entre le rendement en grains et les caracteres d'architecture. La correlation genetique entre la longueur des tiges, tige principale ou ramifications primaires, et le rendement est positive. La date de floraison n'est pas correlee au rendement.

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C. Billot

Papers

Seed yield and yield stability of determinate and indeterminate autumn-sown white lupins ( Lupinus albus ) grown at different locations in France and the UK

Genetic and environmental variation in architecture and yield components in determinate white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Genotypic variation of seed yield and architectural traits in dwarf autumn-sown white lupin