White lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Les modifications de l'architecture des couverts peuvent etre utilisees pour ameliorer l'adaptation des cultures a differents environnements et pour accroitre le rendement en graines et sa stabilite. Les particularites architecturales des legumineuses a grosses graines resident dans leur croissance indeterminee et la presence de gousses presentant des parois epaisses. La croissance indeterminee peut conduire a un cycle de croissance prolongee avec des consequences sur la maturation et a une forte competition entre la croissance reproductrice et la croissance vegetative pour la repartition des assimilats. Les raisons pour lesquelles les geneticiens ont cherche a modifier l'architecture des legumineuses a grosses graines ainsi que les strategies qui permettent d'ameliorer le rendement en graines sont presentees. Les principales composantes de l'architecture des couverts sont analysees. La date de floraison est d'une importance majeure pour l'adaptation des cultures aux conditions environnementales. La structure des ramifications qui peut etre genetiquement modifiee independamment d'autres modifications architecturales contribue a la mise en place de l'indice foliaire. La taille des feuilles et leur structure contribuent egalement a l'indice foliaire des couverts et leurs modifications peuvent influencer l'efficience d'interception du rayonnement. La croissance determinee modifie profondement la duree du cycle de croissance et la repartition des assimilats alors que le nanisme peut ameliorer l'adaptation aux conditions environnementales en reduisant les risques de verse. Enfin, les parois des gousses qui peuvent contribuer par photosynthese a la nutrition carbonee des graines representent a la recolte une part importante de la biomasse des gousses. Ceci reduit l'indice de recolte des couverts. Pour chacun de ces caracteres, les modifications genetiques observees chez les differentes legumineuses a grosses graines sont presentees ainsi que leur determinisme genetique. Les consequences sur l'elaboration du rendement et l'adaptation des cultures sont analysees. Les limites des modifications architecturales sont evaluees et l'interet de combiner approche morphogenetique et approche fonctionnelle est discute.

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Genetics and genetic modifications of plant architecture in grain legumes: a review

Adaptation, diversity, and exploitation of global white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landrace genetic resources.

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a valuable source of seed protein, carbohydrates and oil, but requires genetic improvement to attain its agronomic potential. This study aimed to (i) develop a new high-density consensus linkage map based on new, transcriptome-anchored markers; (ii) map four important agronomic traits, namely, vernalization requirement, seed alkaloid content, and resistance to anthracnose and Phomopsis stem blight; and, (iii) define regions of synteny between the L. albus and narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) genomes. Mapping of white lupin quantitative trait loci (QTLs) revealed polygenic control of vernalization responsiveness and anthracnose resistance, as well as a single locus regulating seed alkaloid content. We found high sequence collinearity between white and narrow-leafed lupin genomes. Interestingly, the white lupin QTLs did not correspond to previously mapped narrow-leafed lupin loci conferring vernalization independence, anthracnose resistance, low alkaloids and Phomopsis stem blight resistance, highlighting different genetic control of these traits. Our suite of allele-sequenced and PCR validated markers tagging these QTLs is immediately applicable for marker-assisted selection in white lupin breeding. The consensus map constitutes a platform for synteny-based gene cloning approaches and can support the forthcoming white lupin genome sequencing efforts.

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A high-density consensus linkage map of white lupin highlights synteny with narrow-leafed lupin and provides markers tagging key agronomic traits.

Annual legumes represent one of the basic elements of the agriculture of Serbia. Until recently, only annual forage legumes such as pea or vetches were autumn-sown in Serbia and other neighbouring regions of the continental Balkan Peninsula. During the last decade, the first crucial steps in the development of autumn-sown grain legumes were made, with emphasis on dry pea, faba bean and dual-purpose vetches. The winter forage pea cultivars developed in Serbia are generally characterised by prominent winter hardiness and a rather extended growing season, usually beginning with sowing in early October and ending either by cutting for forage production in late May or harvesting seeds in mid-July. One of the strategic advantages of recently released cultivars of autumn-sown dry pea is their significantly improved earliness. The Serbian winter dry pea cultivar Mraz, newly registered in Serbia and developed from hybrids between French and Serbian autumn-hardy materials, is regularly at least a week earlier than winter barley, so many farmers will not have to choose between pea and cereals due to limited harvesting resources. The initial material for pre-breeding autumn-sown faba bean in the conditions of Serbia consisted of both collected local landraces of Serbia and populations from France and Germany. The preliminary results of their agronomic performance showed that they have a great potential for high grain yield in the conditions of Serbia. Promising results in breeding winter hardy cultivars were achieved with several vetch species, as well as with lentil and grass pea, and will be continued with more species including Medicago truncatula.

Achievements in breeding autumn-sown annual legumes for temperate regions with emphasis on the continental Balkans

The seed yields and maturity dates of an indeterminate cultivar (Lunoble) and a determinate line (CH304/70) of Lupinus albus L. were measured at three locations in France (Lusignan, Dijon and Gotheron) and at Rothamsted, UK, in 1989/90 and 1990/91. Different combinations of sowing dates, plant densities and irrigation treatments were tested at some sites. Averaged over all sites, CH304/70 yielded more than Lunoble (3.26 v. 2.98 t/ha) but there were significant genotype x location interactions for yield and date of maturity. Both genotypes gave similar yields at the three locations in France (3.13 and 3.06 t/ha, respectively) (.)

Seed yield and yield stability of determinate and indeterminate autumn-sown white lupins ( Lupinus albus ) grown at different locations in France and the UK

P. Mangin

Papers

Seed yield and yield stability of determinate and indeterminate autumn-sown white lupins ( Lupinus albus ) grown at different locations in France and the UK