C Bogardus

TL;DR: The results suggest that in this human population, as in animal models, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity is strongly influenced by local supplies of triglycerides, as well as by remote depots and circulating lipids.

TL;DR: The data suggest that diffusion distance from capillary to muscle cells or some associated biochemical change, and fiber type, could play a role in determining in vivo insulin action and may provide at least a partial explanation for the insulin resistance associated with obesity.

TL;DR: Although enlarged mean subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size is associated with insulin resistance cross-sectionally, prospectively, both abnormalities are independent and additive predictors of Type II diabetes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that in Pima Indians fed a standard diet 1) family membership is the principal determinant of the ratio of fat to carbohydrate oxidation, and 2) a low ratio of fats to carbohydrates is associated with subsequent weight gain independent of low energy expenditure and may contribute to the familial aggregation of obesity.

TL;DR: Decreased peripheral insulin availability leads to increased FFA concentrations and lipid oxidation rates (and probably also increased concentrations of gluconeogenic precursors) that together stimulate gluconeogenesis, hepatic glucose production, and progressive hyperglycemia.