Progress in biomass torrefaction: Principles, applications and challenges

Nano-scale modification of titanium implant surfaces to enhance osseointegration

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The application of ferroelectric materials (i.e. solids that exhibit spontaneous electric polarisation) in solar cells has a long and controversial history. This includes the first observations of the anomalous photovoltaic effect (APE) and the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPE). The recent successful application of inorganic and hybrid perovskite structured materials (e.g. BiFeO3, CsSnI3, CH3NH3PbI3) in solar cells emphasises that polar semiconductors can be used in conventional photovoltaic architectures. We review developments in this field, with a particular emphasis on the materials known to display the APE/BPE (e.g. ZnS, CdTe, SbSI), and the theoretical explanation. Critical analysis is complemented with first-principles calculation of the underlying electronic structure. In addition to discussing the implications of a ferroelectric absorber layer, and the solid state theory of polarisation (Berry phase analysis), design principles and opportunities for high-efficiency ferroelectric photovoltaics are presented.

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Ferroelectric Materials for Solar Energy Conversion: Photoferroics Revisited

As one of the transition metal oxides, niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) offers a broad variety of properties that make it a potentially useful and highly applicable material in many different areas. In comparison to many other transition metal oxides, Nb2O5 has received relatively little attention, which presents a significant opportunity for future investigations aimed at fundamentally understanding this material and finding new and interesting applications for it. In this article, a general overview of Nb2O5 is presented which focuses on its fundamental properties, synthesis methods and recent applications, along with a discussion on future research directions relevant to this material.

Thin films and nanostructures of niobium pentoxide : fundamental properties, synthesis methods and applications

A critical review of recent developments in nanomaterials for photoelectrodes in dye sensitized solar cells

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/2.0561809jes/pdf

C. Clement Raj

Papers

A critical review of recent developments in nanomaterials for photoelectrodes in dye sensitized solar cells

Review—Advent of TiO2 Nanotubes as Supercapacitor Electrode

Fabrication of zero contact angle ultra-super hydrophilic surfaces

Enhancement of electrochemical capacitance by tailoring the geometry of TiO2 nanotube electrodes

Tuning the carrier density of TiO2 nanotube arrays by controlling the oxygen vacancies for improved areal capacitance in supercapacitor applications