C. Scheffknecht

TL;DR: The observations highlight the relevance of stormwater emissions and direct emissions from separated sewer systems to surface waters in relation to emissions from WWTPs and the necessity to consider all potential influences in the assessment of the status of surface water bodies with reference to xenobiotics.

TL;DR: Several surfactants were monitored in treated and untreated sewage in nine municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in western Austria, indicating removal by adsorption and/or biodegradation.

TL;DR: In the present study, eleven PFAS were investigated in effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and in industrial wastewater, and PFOS and PFOA proved to be the dominant compounds in all sampled wastewaters.

TL;DR: Overall removal efficiencies between approx 50% and more than 95% are observed during biological wastewater treatment and removal with the excess sludge is the major removal pathway and AHTN and HHCB are the most important representatives.

TL;DR: Different other pathways as emissions from point sources, further degradation of precursor products, runoff from contaminated sites or surface runoff as well as dry and wet deposition have to be considered as relevant sources for PFAS contamination in surface waters.