Showing papers in "Water Research in 2009"

TL;DR: Key parameters of an RO process and process modifications due to feed water characteristics are brought to light by a direct comparison of seawater and brackish water RO systems.

TL;DR: The fouling behaviour, fouling factors and fouling control strategies were discussed, and recent developments in membrane materials including low-cost filters, membrane modification and dynamic membranes were reviewed.

TL;DR: Treated wastewater effluents were the main contributors to PPCPs concentrations in the rivers studied, and the effect of WWTP effluent on the quality of river water is significant and cannot be underestimated.

TL;DR: Analysis of literature data enabled the identification of the most important operational parameters leading to N(2)O emission in WWTPs: (i) low dissolved oxygen concentration in the nitrification and denitrification stages, (ii) increased nitrite concentrations in both nitrified stages, and (iii) low COD/N ratio in theDenitrification stage.

TL;DR: The results obtained for the solid phase indicated that MBR wastewater treatment yielding higher biodegradation rate could reduce the load of pollutants in the sludge, and sorption to sludge could be a relevant removal pathway only for several compounds.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the sensitive detection of contamination events in recycled water systems may be achieved by monitoring Peak T and/or Peak C fluorescence.

TL;DR: In this paper, nanosilver nanoparticles were incorporated into polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes (nAg-PSf) and they exhibited antimicrobial properties towards a variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli K12 and Pseudomonas mendocina KR1.

TL;DR: This review summarizes typical delta15N- and delta18O-NO3(-) ranges of known NO3(+) sources, interprets constraints and future outlooks to quantify NO3 (-) sources, and describes three analytical techniques for delta15 N- and Delta18O (delta18)O(-) determination.

TL;DR: Adsorption, as an efficient process to remove contaminants from water was chosen; in particular with bentonite and activated carbon as adsorbents, with several possible mechanisms for these adsorption systems elaborated further.

TL;DR: Based on the sorption behaviors and the characteristics of the adsorbents and adsorbates, ion exchange and electrostatic interaction as well as hydrophobic interaction were deduced to be involved in the sor adaptation, and some hemi-micelles and micelles possibly formed in the intraparticle pores.

TL;DR: Among all the studied nanoparticles, SiO(2) exhibited the unique stability due to its low NOM adsorption capacity and small Hamaker constant, and remained stable no matter whether the solution contained NOM or Ca(2+).

TL;DR: During long-term operation of the MBR, bound EPS demonstrated positive correlations with membrane fouling while temperature was verified as a negative factor affecting EPS concentration and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) showed more significant correlations with membranes fouling.

TL;DR: It is found that silver-ion-mediated ROS-generation affected bactericidal activity and silver ions strongly enhanced paraquat-induced oxidative stress, indicating close correlation and synergism between the conventional and ROS-mediated silver toxicity.

TL;DR: Results suggest other sorption mechanisms-such as electrochemical affinity, in addition to hydrophobic interaction-play an important role in sorption to sediment/soil at neutral pH.

TL;DR: It can be concluded that there are good prospects for decentralized systems based on membranes, but that a need exists for research and development of systems with low costs and low maintenance, specifically designed for DC and TC.

TL;DR: This paper seeks to review the means of production, the characteristics and the potential applications of sewage sludge-based adsorbents (SBAs), and suggests that chemical activation utilising alkali metal hydroxides is the most effective technique for producing high surface area SBAs.

TL;DR: Whether hydrolysis temperature can be used to minimize the previously reported drawbacks of THP such as high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) loads and the production of highly-colored recalcitrant organics is investigated.

TL;DR: Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR), and it was found that the dominant fluorescence substances in membrane foulants were protein-like substances.

TL;DR: The field campaigns and experimental data show that phytoplankton can be one of the important CDOM producers in eutrophic shallow lakes and suggests that in situ production of CDOM plays an important role in the dynamics ofCDOM.

TL;DR: There are now more than 30 years of drinking water quality, treatment and health effects research, including more than 60 epidemiology studies on human populations, directed at the chlorination DBP issue, providing considerable scope to reflect on what the authors know now, how their understanding has changed, what those changes mean for public health risk management overall and where they should look to better understand and manage this issue in the future.

TL;DR: It was revealed that hydrogel networks with magnetic properties can effectively be utilized in the removal of pollutants in aqueous environments.

TL;DR: PMS was found to be the most universal oxidant, which was activated by all three iron-chelating agent systems and Fe(II)/Citrate was the mostuniversal chelating agent system, whichwas able to activate all three oxidants to a certain extent.

TL;DR: The Co-TiO(2) catalyst synthesized in this work was found to be very effective in transforming ATZ as well as its intermediate in the presence of UV-vis irradiation.

TL;DR: The characteristics of microbial inactivation as a function of electrode material were examined under the presence of an inert electrolyte, using Escherichia coli as an indicator microorganism.

TL;DR: Fly ash was added as a seed material to enhance lime precipitation and the suspension was exposed to CO2 gas, which increased the particle size of the precipitate and significantly improved sedimentation of sludge and the efficiency of heavy metal removal.

TL;DR: It is shown that alizarin red and its products may be effectively degraded by the OH radicals produced by the reaction between the Fe(2+) ions and the electrogenerated H(2)O(2).

TL;DR: This study evaluated survival of two surrogate coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV) and mouse hepatitis (MHV), suggesting contaminated water is a potential vehicle for human exposure if aerosols are generated.

TL;DR: In this work, the photocatalytic degradation of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by solar photo-Fenton at pilot plant scale was evaluated in distilled water (DW) and in seawater (SW).

TL;DR: The results from this study indicate that no one indicator or simple hydrological index is entirely suitable for all environmental systems and pathogens/parasites, even within a common geographic setting.

TL;DR: In this paper, second-order rate constants for the reactions of selected compounds with molecular ozone (k(O3)) were determined in bench-scale experiments at pH 8.10.