A smart factory is a highly digitized and connected production facility that relies on smart manufacturing. Additionally, artificial intelligence is the core technology of smart factories. The use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms has produced fruitful results in many fields like image processing, speech recognition, fault detection, object detection, or medical sciences. With the increment in the use of smart machinery, the faults in the machinery equipment are expected to increase. Machinery fault detection and diagnosis through various deep learning algorithms has increased day by day. Many types of research have been done and published using both open-source and closed-source datasets, implementing the deep learning algorithms. Out of many publicly available datasets, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset has been widely used to detect and diagnose machinery bearing fault and is accepted as a standard reference for validating the models. This paper summarizes the recent works which use the CWRU bearing dataset in machinery fault detection and diagnosis employing deep learning algorithms. We have reviewed the published works and presented the working algorithm, result, and other necessary details in this paper. This paper, we believe, can be of good help for future researchers to start their work on machinery fault detection and diagnosis using the CWRU dataset.

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Bearing Fault Detection and Diagnosis Using Case Western Reserve University Dataset With Deep Learning Approaches: A Review

Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence that studies algorithms able to learn autonomously, directly from the input data. Over the last decade, ML techniques have made a huge leap forward, as demonstrated by Deep Learning (DL) algorithms implemented by autonomous driving cars, or by electronic strategy games. Hence, researchers have started to consider ML also for applications within the industrial field, and many works indicate ML as one the main enablers to evolve a traditional manufacturing system up to the Industry 4.0 level. Nonetheless, industrial applications are still few and limited to a small cluster of international companies. This paper deals with these topics, intending to clarify the real potentialities, as well as potential flaws, of ML algorithms applied to operation management. A comprehensive review is presented and organized in a way that should facilitate the orientation of practitioners in this field. To this aim, papers from 2000 to date are categorized in terms of the applied algorithm and application domain, and a keyword analysis is also performed, to details the most promising topics in the field. What emerges is a consistent upward trend in the number of publications, with a spike of interest for unsupervised and especially deep learning techniques, which recorded a very high number of publications in the last five years. Concerning trends, along with consolidated research areas, recent topics that are growing in popularity were also discovered. Among these, the main ones are production planning and control and defect analysis, thus suggesting that in the years to come ML will become pervasive in many fields of operation management.

Machine Learning for industrial applications: A comprehensive literature review

Data-driven fault diagnosis has been a hot topic in recent years with the development of machine learning techniques. However, the prerequisite that the training data and the test data should follow an identical distribution prevents the conventional data-driven diagnosis methods from being applied to the engineering diagnosis problems. To tackle this dilemma, cross-domain fault diagnosis using knowledge transfer strategy is becoming popular in the past five years. The diagnosis methods based on transfer learning aim to build models that can perform well on target tasks by leveraging knowledge from semantic related but distribution different source domains. This paper for the first time summarizes the state-of-art cross-domain fault diagnosis research works. The literatures are introduced from three different viewpoints: research motivations, cross-domain strategies, and application objects. In addition, the corresponding open-source fault datasets and several future directions are also presented. The survey provides readers a framework for better understanding and identifying the research status, challenges and future directions of cross-domain fault diagnosis.

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Cross-Domain Fault Diagnosis Using Knowledge Transfer Strategy: A Review

Complete fault sample is essential to activate artificial intelligent (AI) models. A novel fault detection scheme is proposed to build a bridge between AI and real-world running mechanical systems. First, the finite element method simulation is used to simulate samples with different faults to overcome the shortcoming of missing fault samples. Second, to enlarge datasets, new samples similar to the simulation and measurement fault samples are generated by generative adversarial networks and further combined with the original simulation and measurement samples to obtain synthetic samples. Finally, the synthetic and unknown fault samples are severed as the training and test samples, respectively, to the classifiers of AI models, and the unknown fault types will be finally determined. A public datasets of bearings have been used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. It is expected that the proposed scheme can be extended to complex mechanical systems.

Cameron Sobie

Papers

Simulation-driven machine learning: Bearing fault classification