There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT. Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain to the IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers to get up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit together to deliver desired functionalities without having to go through RFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover, we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing. We also present the need for better horizontal integration among IoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit together to deliver desired IoT services.

Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications

Given the functional interdependencies between the molecular components in a human cell, a disease is rarely a consequence of an abnormality in a single gene, but reflects the perturbations of the complex intracellular and intercellular network that links tissue and organ systems. The emerging tools of network medicine offer a platform to explore systematically not only the molecular complexity of a particular disease, leading to the identification of disease modules and pathways, but also the molecular relationships among apparently distinct (patho)phenotypes. Advances in this direction are essential for identifying new disease genes, for uncovering the biological significance of disease-associated mutations identified by genome-wide association studies and full-genome sequencing, and for identifying drug targets and biomarkers for complex diseases.

Network Medicine: A Network-Based Approach to Human Disease

Compounding the confusion is the use of the broad term cognitive radio as a synonym for dynamic spectrum access. As an initial attempt at unifying the terminology, the taxonomy of dynamic spectrum access is provided. In this article, an overview of challenges and recent developments in both technological and regulatory aspects of opportunistic spectrum access (OSA). The three basic components of OSA are discussed. Spectrum opportunity identification is crucial to OSA in order to achieve nonintrusive communication. The basic functions of the opportunity identification module are identified

A Survey of Dynamic Spectrum Access

The λ-calculus is considered a useful mathematical tool in the study of programming languages, since programs can be identified with λ-terms. However, if one goes further and uses βη-conversion to prove equivalence of programs, then a gross simplification is introduced (programs are identified with total functions from values to values ) that may jeopardise the applicability of theoretical results. In this paper we introduce calculi, based on a categorical semantics for computations , that provide a correct basis for proving equivalence of programs for a wide range of notions of computation .

Notions of computation and monads

I: Core Maude.- Using Maude.- Syntax and Basic Parsing.- Functional Modules.- A Hierarchy of Data Types: From Trees to Sets.- System Modules.- Playing with Maude.- Module Operations.- Predefined Data Modules.- Specifying Parameterized Data Structures in Maude.- Object-Based Programming.- Model Checking Invariants Through Search.- LTL Model Checking.- Reflection, Metalevel Computation, and Strategies.- Metaprogramming Applications.- Mobile Maude.- User Interfaces and Metalanguage Applications.- II: Full Maude.- Full Maude: Extending Core Maude.- Object-Oriented Modules.- III: Applications and Tools.- A Sampler of Application Areas.- Some Tools.- IV: Reference.- Debugging and Troubleshooting.- Complete List of Maude Commands.- Core Maude Grammar.

All About Maude - A High-Performance Logical Framework: How to Specify, Program, and Verify Systems in Rewriting Logic

We present an actor language which is an extension of a simple functional language, and provide an operational semantics for this extension. Actor configurations represent open distributed systems, by which we mean that the specification of an actor system explicitly takes into account the interface with external components. We study the composability of such systems. We define and study various notions of testing equivalence on actor expressions and configurations. The model we develop provides fairness. An important result is that the three forms of equivalence, namely, convex, must, and may equivalences, collapse to two in the presence of fairness. We further develop methods for proving laws of equivalence and provide example proofs to illustrate our methodology.

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A foundation for actor computation

This paper gives an overview of the Maude 2.0 system. We emphasize the full generality with which rewriting logic and membership equational logic are supported, operational semantics issues, the new built-in modules, the more general Full Maude module algebra, the new META-LEVEL module, the LTL model checker, and new implementation techniques yielding substantial performance improvements in rewriting modulo. We also comment on Maude's formal tool environment and on applications.

The Maude 2.0 system

Traditionally the view has been that direct expression of control and store mechanisms and clear mathematical semantics are incompatible requirements. This paper shows that adding objects with memory to the call-by-value lambda calculus results in a language with a rich equational theory, satisfying many of the usual laws. Combined with other recent work, this provides evidence that expressive, mathematically clean programming languages are indeed possible.

Equivalence in functional languages with effects

This paper discusses event-based semantics in the context of the emerging concept of Cyber Physical Systems and describes two related formal models concerning policy-based coordination and Interactive Agents

/pdf/cyber-physical-systems-and-events-4xjrn0bmux.pdf

Carolyn L. Talcott

Papers

All About Maude - A High-Performance Logical Framework: How to Specify, Program, and Verify Systems in Rewriting Logic

A foundation for actor computation

The Maude 2.0 system

Equivalence in functional languages with effects

Cyber-Physical Systems and Events