Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

Cascading is the process by which the exchange of energy between optical beams interacting via second order nonlinearities (χ(2)) leads to various effects such as nonlinear phase shifts, the generation of new beams, all-optical transistor action, the formation of soliton-like (solitary) waves, etc. Here we review the fundamentals of the processes and discuss experimental verification of the effects and various related applications.

χ(2) cascading phenomena and their applications to all-optical signal processing, mode-locking, pulse compression and solitons

A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

Supercontinuum generation, photonic crystal fiber

Pattern formation and competition in nonlinear optics

Chaotic lag synchronization of coupled time-delayed systems and its applications in secure communication

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of N-4-nitrophenyl L-prolinol single crystals

Using a cavity with a large Fresnel number, a nontrivial large-scale order resulting from global multimode-interaction dynamics is found in the transverse structure of a ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ laser beam. Two-dimensional optical lattices displaying several hundred phase singularities each have been observed. The symmetry properties of these far-field patterns and their associate temporal spectra are studied as a function of two control parameters: the Fresnel number and the transverse intermode spacing.

Two-dimensional optical lattices in a CO2 laser

Localized measurements of group-velocity dispersion and birefringence of photonic crystal fibers are achieved with a phase-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometry technique. This technique is efficient for fiber samples no longer than 1 m. Theoretical simulations are in good agreement with experimental results. As a result, the stress-induced birefringence proves to be at most 1 order of magnitude below the geometrical-shape birefringence.

Phase-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometry technique applied to the characterization of photonic crystal fiber properties.

Flexible grid optical networks allow an efficient utilization of spectrum resources using 12.5-GHz frequency slot multiples instead of a fixed spacing, introducing however spectrum fragmentation (SF). In the literature, SF is often assumed to be a serious problem specifically in a dynamic traffic context. It is mostly related to the bandwidth blocking ratio due to the lack of relevant comparison criteria and efficient metrics. Besides, in operator core network, traffic behavior is instead incremental and it is forecasted for short periods of time in addition to some operational constraints that make of it a specific context. In this work, we present an exhaustive analysis and an accurate evaluation for SF issue in flexible optical networks. We also propose new metric for fragmentation measurements and some approaches to address such a problem.

Spectrum fragmentation issue in flexible optical networks: analysis and good practices

Direct-sequence optical code-division multiple-access (DS-OCDMA) encoder/decoder based on sampled fiber Bragg gratings (S-FBGs) is characterized using phase-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR). The OLCR technique allows localized measurements of FBG wavelength and physical length inside one S-FBG. This paper shows how the discrepancies between specifications and measurements of the different FBGs have some impact on spectral and temporal pulse responses of the OCDMA encoder/decoder. The FBG physical lengths lower than the specified ones are shown to affect the mean optical power reflected by the OCDMA encoder/decoder. The FBG wavelengths that are detuned from each other induce some modulations of S-FBG reflectivity resulting in encoder/decoder sensitivity to laser wavelength drift of the OCDMA system. Finally, highlighted by this OLCR study, some solutions to overcome limitations in performance with the S-FBG technology are suggested

Catherine Lepers

Papers

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of N-4-nitrophenyl L-prolinol single crystals

Two-dimensional optical lattices in a CO2 laser

Phase-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometry technique applied to the characterization of photonic crystal fiber properties.

Spectrum fragmentation issue in flexible optical networks: analysis and good practices

DS-OCDMA encoder/decoder performance analysis using optical low-coherence reflectometry