Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used in transparent conductive films (TCFs); however, several disadvantages, such as high cost and toxicity of indium, limit its applications. Therefore, it is necessary to develop other materials that can replace ITO. Silver nanowires or single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted considerable interest owing to their unique electrical, optical, and thermal stabilities, and thus, they are ideal for transparent electrodes for flexible or stretchable devices. In this study, we develop a novel architecture of composite TCFs on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) flexible substrate. Herein, the silver nanowires-SWCNTs films with nested density structure were fabricated through ultrasonic spraying technology by varying the spraying width. For achieving enhanced transmittance, we combined the larger irregular grids and holes with fewer nanowires stacked in the longitudinal direction, more optical channels, and good carrier transport. Thereafter, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) was used as capping to the structure for enhancing the optical properties of the TCFs. The silver nanowires-SWCNTs/AZO (ASA) bilayer was obtained in the optimized architecture, which showed superior optoelectronic performance to that shown by commercial ITO with a high optical transmittance of 92% at the wavelength of 550 nm and low sheet resistance of 17 Ω/sq. In the specially structured conductive film, the significant improvement in the transmittance and uniformity of the sheet resistance was attributed to the effective nanowire junction contact compared to that in ordinary structure of silver nanowires, which reduced the mean density of small clusters of nanowires. Compared with the silver nanowires-SWCNTs films, the ASA bilayer film exhibited excellent resistance to boiling, mechanical bending (10,000 cycles), and CO2 plasma. Moreover, the sheet resistance of ASA changed slightly after the tape tests, thereby illustrating a strong adhesion to the PEN substrate after the enclosure of AZO. Meanwhile, the AZO capping layer can enhance the optical transmittance between 600 and 1500 nm. In addition, the amorphous silicon photovoltaic devices with flexible ASA TCFs exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.67%. After bending for 3000 times, the PCE was decreased to 8.20%, thereby demonstrating the potential of developed films to replace traditional ITO. 

Highly transmitted silver nanowires-SWCNTs conductive flexible film by nested density structure and aluminum-doped zinc oxide capping layer for flexible amorphous silicon solar cells

The world is rapidly adopting renewable energy alternatives at a remarkable rate to address the ever-increasing environmental crisis of CO2 emissions. Renewable Energy Systems (RES) offers enormous potential to decarbonize the environment because they produce no greenhouse gases or other polluting emissions. However, the RES relies on natural resources for energy generation, such as sunlight, wind, water, geothermal, which are generally unpredictable and reliant on weather, season, and year. To account for these intermittencies, renewable energy can be stored using various techniques and then used in a consistent and controlled manner as needed. Several researchers from around the world have made substantial contributions over the last century to developing novel methods of energy storage that are efficient enough to meet increasing energy demand and technological breakthroughs. This review attempts to provide a critical review of the advancements in the Energy Storage System (ESS) from 1850–2022, including its evolution, classification, operating principles and comparison. 

Energy storage systems: A review

Benzyl(4-fluorophenyl)phenylphosphine oxide-modified epoxy resin with improved flame retardancy and dielectric properties

Fluorescent probe of nitrogen-doped carbon dots derived from biomass for the sensing of MnO4− in polluted water based on inner filter effect

Dielectric enhancement effect in biomorphic porous carbon-based iron@iron carbide ‘meta-powder’ for light-weight microwave absorption material design

The impact of electrode with carbon materials on safety performance of lithium-ion batteries: A review

Highly fire-retardant optical wood enabled by transparent fireproof coatings

Experimental study on the burning behaviors of 21700 lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy after different immersion duration

Experimental design of composite films with thermal management and electromagnetic shielding properties based on polyethylene glycol and MXene

The opening three-dimensional Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) brings much attention for its high reversible capacity and long voltage platform. Unfortunately, its popularization and application are limited by the poor instinct conductivity. Herein, a convenient...

Chang Jiu Liu

Papers

The impact of electrode with carbon materials on safety performance of lithium-ion batteries: A review

Highly fire-retardant optical wood enabled by transparent fireproof coatings

Experimental study on the burning behaviors of 21700 lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy after different immersion duration

Experimental design of composite films with thermal management and electromagnetic shielding properties based on polyethylene glycol and MXene

Unraveling the modified regulation of ternary substitution on Na3V2(PO4)3 for sodium ion battery