Showing papers by "Charles Huggins published in 1944"

Studies on the mammary tumors of dogs : i. lactation and the influence of ovariectomy and suprarenalectomy thereon.

Abstract: Spontaneous mammary tumors occur in middle aged or senile dogs and are of three principal pathological types; a diffuse epithelial and connective tissue overgrowth often with associated cartilage and bone; solid masses of epithelial cells; intracystic papillomatous tumors. The metastases in this series were always composed of papillary carcinomatous cysts; this tissue in transplants to abdominal connective tissue induced epithelial osteogenesis. All of the dogs with mammary tumors had lipid-rich suprarenal cortical tumors. The tumors frequently secrete a dilute milk with citric acid content considerably increased above serum levels; large numbers of colostrum corpuscles are present in this fluid. After weaning, normal parturient dogs undergo a complete cessation of mammary secretion; lactation persists considerably longer in dogs with mammary tumor than in normal dogs. Absence of suckling does not eliminate lactation in pseudopregnancy. The failure of the breast to lactate under the stimulus of prolactin signifies a lack of physiological maturity. The breasts of mature dogs have two types of response to ovariectomy; either great physiological involution results or lactation, actual or potential, is retained in areas for at least 3 to 6 months. Those in which excision of the ovaries does not cause prompt and great involution of the breast include all dogs with mammary tumors, all with pseudopregnancy, and certain dogs, presumably normal which we are unable to characterize further at this time. Excision of the suprarenal glands in addition to the ovaries usually did not completely eliminate lactation or the lactational potential.

Studies on Tumors of the Testis. I. Water and Electrolyte Content of Testicular Tumors and of Normal, Cryptorchid, and Estrogenized Testis

Abstract: Determination of the water and electrolyte concentrations of tumors of the testis in dogs, and of the normal tissue of origin, was the objective of this study. Testicular tumors had not been studied chemically previous to this work. Since testicular neoplasms are of diverse histological patterns these data were compared with similar analyses of testes from which the germinal epithelium had been eliminated by physiological means, namely, by artificial cryptorchism or by administration of estrogen. The electrolyte content of tumors has been extensively studied, but many of the older observations are unsatisfactory because of the methods of analysis used, particularly for sodium and potassium. All the articles describe a search for distinct electrolyte patterns that might characterize malignant disease but this paper will demonstrate that no such generalization is feasible in the case of the principal electrolytes, chloride, sodium, and potassium. The tissue analyses that have been reported by other workers are as follows: Electrolytes o[ tumors.--The older data have been presented in a critical review by Shear (25); a complete survey of that literature therefore is not within the scope of this paper. Water.--The water content has generally been found increased in cancers. In the Jensen rat sarcoma it was stated to vary from 824 gin. 1 in young tumors to 867 gin. in older ones (13), and to average 750 gin. (24). In the Twort mouse carcinoma the water content was 788 to 791 gm. (11), and in a paper on various human and animal cancers values of 660 to 880 gm. (20) were recorded. Minerals.--Two articles report that the mineral content of tumors is increased over the tissue of origin (22, 23). Potassium. Previous communications are in general agreement concerning an increased potassium content of tumors, which was referred to the high cell content. Beebe (2) was the first to report increased