From the Publisher: 
A Question of Identity 
Life on the Screen is a fascinating and wide-ranging investigation of the impact of computers and networking on society, peoples' perceptions of themselves, and the individual's relationship to machines. Sherry Turkle, a Professor of the Sociology of Science at MIT and a licensed psychologist, uses Internet MUDs (multi-user domains, or in older gaming parlance multi-user dungeons) as a launching pad for explorations of software design, user interfaces, simulation, artificial intelligence, artificial life, agents, "bots," virtual reality, and "the on-line way of life." 
Turkle's discussion of postmodernism is particularly enlightening. She shows how postmodern concepts in art, architecture, and ethics are related to concrete topics much closer to home, for example AI research (Minsky's "Society of Mind") and even MUDs (exemplified by students with X-window terminals who are doing homework in one window and simultaneously playing out several different roles in the same MUD in other windows). Those of you who have (like me) been turned off by the shallow, pretentious, meaningless paintings and sculptures that litter our museums of modern art may have a different perspective after hearing what Turkle has to say. 
This is a psychoanalytical book, not a technical one. However, software developers and engineers will find it highly accessible because of the depth of the author's technical understanding and credibility. Unlike most other authors in this genre, Turkle does not constantly jar the technically-literate reader with blatant errors or bogus assertions about how things work. Although I personally don't have time or patience for MUDs,view most of AI as snake-oil, and abhor postmodern architecture, I thought the time spent reading this book was an extremely good investment.

스크린 위의 삶 = Life on the screen : identity in the age of the internet

This article outlines the mechanism by which brokerage provides social capital. Opinion and behavior are more homogeneous within than between groups, so people connected across groups are more familiar with alternative ways of thinking and behaving. Brokerage across the structural holes between groups provides a vision of options otherwise unseen, which is the mechanism by which brokerage becomes social capital. I review evidence consistent with the hypothesis, then look at the networks around managers in a large American electronics company. The organization is rife with structural holes, and brokerage has its expected correlates. Compensation, positive performance evaluations, promotions, and good ideas are disproportionately in the hands of people whose networks span structural holes. The between-group brokers are more likely to express ideas, less likely to have ideas dismissed, and more likely to have ideas evaluated as valuable. I close with implications for creativity and structural change.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.1086/421787.pdf

Structural Holes and Good Ideas.

Communities have the potential to function effectively and adapt successfully in the aftermath of disasters. Drawing upon literatures in several disciplines, we present a theory of resilience that encompasses contemporary understandings of stress, adaptation, wellness, and resource dynamics. Community resilience is a process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity. Community adaptation is manifest in population wellness, defined as high and non-disparate levels of mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life. Community resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities—Economic Development, Social Capital, Information and Communication, and Community Competence—that together provide a strategy for disaster readiness. To build collective resilience, communities must reduce risk and resource inequities, engage local people in mitigation, create organizational linkages, boost and protect social supports, and plan for not having a plan, which requires flexibility, decision-making skills, and trusted sources of information that function in the face of unknowns.

/pdf/community-resilience-as-a-metaphor-theory-set-of-capacities-2h7ia9h483.pdf

Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness

Over the last several decades, epidemiological studies have been enormously
successful in identifying risk factors for major diseases However, most of this
research has focused attention on risk factors that are relatively proximal causes of
disease such as diet, cholesterol level, exercise and the like We question the
emphasis on such individually-based risk factors and argue that greater attention
must be paid to basic social conditions if health reform is to have its maximum
effect in the time ahead There are two reasons for this claim First we argue that
individually-based risk factors must be contextualized, by examining what puts
people at risk of risks, if we are to craft effective interventions and improve the
nation's health Second, we argue that social factors such as socioeconomic status
and social support are likely 'fundamental causes" of disease that, because they
embody access to important resources, affect multiple disease outcomes throughmultiple mechanisms, and consequently maintain an association with disease even when intervening mechanisms change Without careful attention to these
possibilities, we run the risk of imposing individually-based intervention strategies
that are ineffective and of missing opportunities to adopt broad-based societal
interventions that could produce substantial health benefits for our citizens

Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease

http://onemvweb.com/sources/sources/network_structure_social_capital.pdf

The Network Structure Of Social Capital

Preface 1) Introduction -Getting Connected -Networks as Information Maps -Leaders and Followers -Networks as Conduits -The Point of View 2) Basic Network Concepts, Part I: Individual Members of Networks -Introduction -What Is a Network? -Sociological Questions about Relationships Connections Propinquity Homophily Individual-Level Homophily Homophily and Collectivities -Dyads and Mutuality -Balance and Triads -Where We Are Now 3) Basic Network Concepts, Part II: Whole Social Networks -Distributions Dyads and Triads Density Structural Holes Weak Ties -"Popularity" or Centrality -Distance Size of the Interpersonal Environment The "Small World" -Multiplexity -Roles and Positions Named Positions and Relationships Informal Positions and Relationships Informal Relations and Hierarchies Embeddedness of the Informal within Instituted or Named Networks Observed Roles -Summary 4) Basic Network Concepts, Part III: Network Segmentation -Introduction -Named and Unnamed Network Segments Primary Groups, Cliques, and Clusters -Segmenting Networks from the Point of View of the Observer Segmenting Groups on the Basis of Cohesion Resistance to Disruption Structural Similarity and Structural Equivalence Core/Periphery Structures -Where We Are Now 5) The Psychological Foundations of Social Networks -Getting Things Done -Community and Support -Safety and Affiliation -Effectiveness and Structural Holes -Safety and Social Networks -Effectiveness and Social Networks -Both Safety and Effectiveness? -Driving for Status or Rank -Cultural Differences in Safety, Effectance, and Rank -Motivations and Practical Networks -Motivations of Corporate Actors -Cognitive Limits on Individual Networks -Where We Are Now 6) Small Groups, Leadership, and Social Networks: The Basic Building Blocks -Introduction -Primary Groups and Informal Systems: Propositions -Pure Informal Systems -How to Find Informal Systems -Asymmetric Ties and the Influence of the External System -Formalizing the System -Where We Are Now 7) Organizations and Networks -The Contradictions of Authority -Emergent Networks in Organizations The Factory Floor -Information-Driven Organizations -Inside the Box, Outside the Box, or Both -Bridging the Gaps: Tradeoff s between Network Size, Diversity, and Social Cohesion -Where We Are Now 8) The Small World, Circles, and Communities -Introduction -How Many People Do You Know? -The Skewed Distribution of the Number of People One Knows -Formal Small World Models -Clustering in Social Networks -Social Circles -The Small World Search -Applications of Small World Theory to Smaller Worlds -Where We Are Now 9) Networks and Diffusion -Networks and Diffusion-An Introduction The Basic Model Exogenous Factors in the Adoption of Innovation - Influence and Decision-Making The Current State of Personal Influence Self-Designated Opinion Leaders or Influentials Characteristics of Opinion Leaders and Influentials Group Influence -Epidemiology and Network Diffusion Social Networks and Epidemiology Social Networks and HIV-AIDS Transporting Disease-Large-Scale Models -Tipping Points and Thresholds Threshold - Where We Are Now 10) Networks as Social Capital - Introduction The General Idea of Social Capital Social Capital as Investment -Individual-Level Social Capital Social Support Individual Networked Resources: Position and Resource Generators Correlates of Individual Social Capital Other Indicators of Networked Resources -Social Capital as an Attribute of Social Systems Theorists of Social System Social Capital Bowling Alone Recent Findings on Social System Social Capital and Its Consequences -Where We Are Now 11) Ethical Dilemmas of Network Research -Networks as a Research Paradigm -Anonymity, Confidentiality, Privacy, and Consent -Who Benefits - Cases and Examples Survey Research Organization Research Terrorists and Criminals Networks and Terrorism: The CASOS Projects -Conclusion: More Complicated than the Belmont Report 12) Coda: Ten Master Ideas of Social Networks -Introduction -The Ten Master Ideas Bibliography Notes Index

Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings

The Friends and Supporters of Psychotherapy: on social circles in urban life.

We examine the relationship between position in a network of relationships and organizational performance Drawing on ten years of observations (1988-1997) for nearly 400 firms in the human biotechnology industry, we utilize three types of panel regressions to unravel the complex linkages between network structure, patenting, and various firm-level outcome measures Our results highlight the critical role of collaboration in determining the competitive advantage of individual biotech firms and in driving the evolution of the industry We also find that there are decreasing returns to network experience and diversity, suggesting that there are limits to the learning that occurs through interorganizational networks

/pdf/network-position-and-firm-performance-organizational-returns-2l03malih2.pdf

Network Position and Firm Performance: Organizational Returns to Collaboration in the Biotechnology Industry

Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing

L'A. analyse les liens qui unissent les membres de l'elite de la finance en France dans le context des dernieres annees du gouvernement socialiste. Les liens d'amitie au sein de l'elite financiere dependent du prestige social, de l'appartenance politique, du lieu de residence, mais surtout de la question du passage par l'E.N.A.. Il distingue dans ce monde de la finance un reseau de relation lie au monde politique, a l'E.N.A.. Il montre que, du fait des liens entre les individus lies a ce reseau, malgre les privatisations d'institutions financieres commencees par le gouvernement socialiste le visage de la finance ne saurait changer en France

Charles Kadushin

Papers

Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings

The Friends and Supporters of Psychotherapy: on social circles in urban life.

Network Position and Firm Performance: Organizational Returns to Collaboration in the Biotechnology Industry

Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing

Friendship among the French financial elite