As the world moves toward electromobility and a concomitant decarbonization of its electrical supply, modern society is also entering a so-called fourth industrial revolution marked by a boom of electronic devices and digital technologies. Consequently, battery demand has exploded along with the need for ores and metals to fabricate them. Starting from such a critical analysis and integrating robust structural data, this review aims at pointing out there is room to promote organic-based electrochemical energy storage. Combined with recycling solutions, redox-active organic species could decrease the pressure on inorganic compounds and offer valid options in terms of environmental footprint and possible disruptive chemistries to meet the energy storage needs of both today and tomorrow. We review state-of-the-art developments in organic batteries, current challenges, and prospects, and we discuss the fundamental principles that govern the reversible chemistry of organic structures. We provide a comprehensive overview of all reported cell configurations that involve electroactive organic compounds working either in the solid state or in solution for aqueous or nonaqueous electrolytes. These configurations include alkali (Li/Na/K) and multivalent (Mg, Zn)-based electrolytes for conventional "sealed" batteries and redox-flow systems. We also highlight the most promising systems based on such various chemistries relying on appropriate metrics such as operation voltage, specific capacity, specific energy, or cycle life to assess the performances of electrodes.

/pdf/opportunities-and-challenges-for-organic-electrodes-in-5c3qesf3qc.pdf

Opportunities and Challenges for Organic Electrodes in Electrochemical Energy Storage.

E-waste in the international context – A review of trade flows, regulations, hazards, waste management strategies and technologies for value recovery

Adsorption of emerging contaminants from water and wastewater by modified biochar: A review.

Environmental restrictions and economic benefits have obliged countries to promote recycling processes from secondary resources like spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) instead of using primary ones. In spite of the developments have been made on industrial scale for the technologies involved in recycling processes, most of these technologies suffer from lack of efficiency and echo-friendliness. To reduce the footprints of the recycling processes, several efforts are made. A major development area is the use of organic acids which are considered as promising agents for leaching of valuable metals from spent LIBs. In this review paper, we provided an overview of the recent status of the recycling technologies of spent LIBs using organic acids. For this purpose, necessity of green processes and advantage of organic acids in recycling of spent LIBs is discussed. To fully understand the effect of these agents, production, origin, application, and structure of organic acids that have been used in recovery of metals from spent LIBs are also addressed. Afterwards, recycling processes using organic acids, and benefits and drawbacks of using them are summarized and possible complexes formed by these agents are proposed. Eventually, development of different reducing agents, ultrasonic agitation, and evolution and future prospect of green processes in recycling of spent LIBs is reviewed.

Recovery of lithium and cobalt from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) using organic acids as leaching reagents: A review

Precious metals are widely applied in many industry fields due to their excellent corrosion resistance, good electrical conductivity and high catalytic activity. However, the reserves of precious metals falls short of the production globally. The rapid generation of end-of-life products has become the significant resources of precious metals. Among these products, electronic waste (e-waste) and spent catalysts are more concentrated since they account for over 90% of precious metals in industry. This article provides an overview of various technologies on the recovery of precious metals from e-waste and spent catalysts. It shows that recycling technologies have been significantly improved in recent years. The recycling processes have transferred from leaching by aqua regia, cyanide and chlorine in acid solution to less pollution agents leaching. Environment-oriented technologies have been raised great attention in precious metals recycling. The advantages and environmental impacts of these recycling technologies have been discussed in detail. However, there are still some challenges for future promotion. In order to achieve the environment-friendly and sustainable recycling for precious metals with high recovery rate, several considerations have been proposed.

Recovery of precious metals from electronic waste and spent catalysts: A review

Supply and demand of some critical metals and present status of their recycling in WEEE.

http://www.eng.usf.edu/~volinsky/ChinaWasteManagement.pdf

Challenges in legislation, recycling system and technical system of waste electrical and electronic equipment in China

Adsorption, as a simple and efficient water treatment technology, faces the problem that it can only transfer but not fully mineralize pollutants. Transition metal activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) exhibit high catalytic activity, but leakage of metal ions poses potential health risks to the environment. To solve these problems, we ingeniously designed a micro−nanoreactor structure with glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan as the backbone and encapsulated MOF−derived Co−Fe nitrogen−doped graphitic carbon as the activated PMS reaction center (Co−Fe/NC@GCS). Due to its remarkable adsorption capacity, high concentration sulfamethoxazole could be efficiently enriched through electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding, and a small amount of PMS could be rapidly attracted and activated. Meanwhile, the synergistic mechanism of adsorption−PMS activation was also analyzed, and the degradation pathway of sulfamethoxazole was expounded. This study aims to develop a new strategy for the removal of emerging organic pollutants in water with such a system with strong adsorption and catalytic capabilities. • Chitosan micro-nanoreactor containing MOF-derived Co-Fe/NC was skillfully constructed • Simultaneous adsorption-PMS activation, degradation and resorption • CoFe alloy/CN promotes the redox cycle of Co 0 →Co 2+ ⇋Co 3+ and Fe 0 →Fe 2+ ⇋Fe 3+ • SMX was efficiently degraded by radical and non−radical pathways • Integrating adsorption and catalytic greatly improve catalyst activity and stability 

MOF Derived Co−Fe Nitrogen Doped Graphite Carbon@Crosslinked Magnetic Chitosan Micro−Nanoreactor for Environmental Applications: Synergy Enhancement Effect of Adsorption−PMS Activation

Recently, emerging pollutants (EPs) have been frequently detected in urban wastewater, surface water, drinking water, and other water bodies. EPs mainly usually include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, antibiotic resistance genes, persistent organic pollutants, disinfection by-products, and other industrial chemicals. The potential threat of EPs to ecosystems and human health has attracted worldwide attention. Therefore, how to treat EPs in various water bodies has become one of the research priorities. In this paper, some research results on treatment of EPs published in 2018 were summarized. PRACTITIONER POINTS: At present, more attention has been paid to emerging pollutants (EPs), including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), antibiotic resistance genes, persistent organic pollutants, disinfection by-products, etc. Existing EPs disposal technologies mainly include: engineered wetlands and natural systems, biological treatment, physical and physicochemical separation, chemical oxidation, catalysis, etc. This paper reviews some research results on the treatment technologies of EPs published in 2018.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wer.1407

Chein-chi Chang

Papers

Supply and demand of some critical metals and present status of their recycling in WEEE.

Challenges in legislation, recycling system and technical system of waste electrical and electronic equipment in China

MOF Derived Co−Fe Nitrogen Doped Graphite Carbon@Crosslinked Magnetic Chitosan Micro−Nanoreactor for Environmental Applications: Synergy Enhancement Effect of Adsorption−PMS Activation

Emerging pollutants—Part II: Treatment

Preparation and formation mechanism of monodisperse micaceous iron oxide from iron chromium grinding waste