1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

A survey on trust management for Internet of Things

Garbled circuits, a classical idea rooted in the work of Yao, have long been understood as a cryptographic technique, not a cryptographic goal. Here we cull out a primitive corresponding to this technique. We call it a garbling scheme. We provide a provable-security treatment for garbling schemes, endowing them with a versatile syntax and multiple security definitions. The most basic of these, privacy, suffices for two-party secure function evaluation (SFE) and private function evaluation (PFE). Starting from a PRF, we provide an efficient garbling scheme achieving privacy and we analyze its concrete security. We next consider obliviousness and authenticity, properties needed for private and verifiable outsourcing of computation. We extend our scheme to achieve these ends. We provide highly efficient blockcipher-based instantiations of both schemes. Our treatment of garbling schemes presages more efficient garbling, more rigorous analyses, and more modularly designed higher-level protocols.

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Foundations of garbled circuits

There is an exciting natural match between social network analysis methods and the growth of data sources produced by social interactions via information technologies, from online communities to corporate information systems. Information Systems researchers have not been slow to embrace this combination of method and data. Such systems increasingly provide “digital trace data” that provide new research opportunities. Yet digital trace data are substantively different from the survey and interview data for which network analysis measures and interpretations were originally developed. This paper examines 10 validity issues associated with the combination of digital trace data and social network analysis methods, with examples from the IS literature, to provide recommendations for improving the validity of future research.

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Validity issues in the use of social network analysis with digital trace data

Recent years have witnessed a surge in self-organizing voluntary teams collaborating online to produce goods and services. Motivated by this phenomenon, this research investigates how these teams are formed and how individuals make decisions about which teams to join in the context of open source software development (OSSD). The focus of this paper is to explore how the collaborative network affects developers' choice of newly initiated OSS projects to participate in. More specifically, by analyzing software project data from real-world OSSD projects, we empirically test the impact of past collaborative ties with and perceived status of project members in the network on the self-assembly of OSSD teams. Overall, we find that a developer is more likely to join a project when he has strong collaborative ties with its initiator. We also find that perceived status of the noninitiator members of a project influences its probability of attracting developers. We discuss the implications of our results with respec...

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Emergence of New Project Teams from Open Source Software Developer Networks: Impact of Prior Collaboration Ties

In this study, we focus on the factors that influence online innovation community members' continued participation in the context of open source software development OSSD communities Prior research on continued participation in online communities has primarily focused on social interactions among members and benefits obtained from these interactions However, members of these communities often play different roles, which have been examined extensively, albeit in a separate stream of research This study attempts to bridge these two streams of research by investigating the joint influence of community response and members' roles on continued participation We categorize OSSD community members into users and modifiers and empirically examine the differential effects of community response across these roles By analyzing a longitudinal data set of activities in the discussion forums of more than 300 OSSD projects, we not only confirm the positive influence of community response on members' continued participation but also find that community response is more influential in driving the continuance behavior of users than that of modifiers In addition, this research highlights the importance of modifiers, a key subgroup of OSSD participants that has been largely overlooked by prior research

Research Note---Continued Participation in Online Innovation Communities: Does Community Response Matter Equally for Everyone?

Typically, when a borrower (Bob) wishes to establish a tradeline (e.g., a mortgage, an automobile loan, or a credit card) with a lender (Linda), Bob is subjected to a credit check by Linda. The credit check is done by having Linda obtain financial information about Bob in the form of a credit report. Credit reports are maintained by Credit Report Agencies, and contain a large amount of private information about individuals. Furthermore, Linda's criteria for loan qualification are also private information. We propose a "privacy-preserving" credit check scheme that allows Bob to have his credit checked without divulging private information to Linda while protecting Linda's interests. We give protocols for achieving the above while: i) protecting Bob's private information, ii) making sure that Bob cannot lie about his credit (thus Linda is assured that the information is accurate), iii) that Linda's qualification criteria are protected, and iv) that the CRA does not learn from the protocols anything other than "Bob requested a loan from Linda". What distinguishes this work from the traditional two-party privacy-preserving framework is (i) the need for secure and privacy-preserving third-party verification of the accuracy of the inputs used, and (ii) the fact that the function being computed is private to the lender and should not be revealed to either the borrower or to the above-mentioned third-party verifier. Although we choose to present the techniques of this paper for the credit checking application domain, they have much broader applicability and in fact work for any situation where there is a repository of public and private information about individuals, that is subsequently used for making decisions that impact the individuals (a credit rating agency is but one example of such a repository).

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Privacy-preserving credit checking

In the digital world, business executives have a heightened awareness of the strategic importance of information and information management to their companies’ value creation. This presents both leadership opportunities and challenges for CIOs. To prevent the CIO position from being marginalized and to enhance CIOs’ contribution to business value creation, they must move beyond being competent IT utility managers and play an active role in helping their companies build a strong information usage culture. The purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding of the leadership approaches that CIOs and business executives can adopt to improve their companies’ information orientation. Based on our findings from four case studies, we have created a four-quadrant leadership-positioning framework. This framework is constructed from the CIO’s perspective and indicates that a CIO may act as a leader, a follower or a nonplayer in developing the company’s information orientation to achieve its strategic focus. The article concludes with guidelines that CIOs can use to help position their leadership challenges in introducing or sustaining their companies’ information orientation initiatives and recommends specific leadership approaches depending on CIOs’ particular situations.

CIO and Business Executive Leadership Approaches to Establishing Company-wide Information Orientation

This study frames antecedents of effective information use, outlining a nomological network that firms follow to achieve integrated information delivery and effective information use. Our focus is on senior business executives' assessment of information delivered by their organizations' information systems. We first clarify the definition of information as it relates to information delivery and effective use. Then, drawing from institutional theory and the resource-based view of the firm, we propose a research model consisting of external institutional pressure, internal information systems (IS) resources, integrated information delivery, and effective information use and empirically test it through a field survey of senior business executives and post hoc qualitative analysis. Our findings position information delivery as an important research construct leading to effective information use and value. Our study also highlights the important role of the IS function as a facilitator of effective information...

Chen Zhang

Papers

Emergence of New Project Teams from Open Source Software Developer Networks: Impact of Prior Collaboration Ties

Research Note---Continued Participation in Online Innovation Communities: Does Community Response Matter Equally for Everyone?

Privacy-preserving credit checking

CIO and Business Executive Leadership Approaches to Establishing Company-wide Information Orientation

Research Note—A View from the Top: Integrated Information Delivery and Effective Information Use from the Senior Executive's Perspective