Integration of advanced nanogenerator technology with conventional textile processes fosters the emergence of textile-based nanogenerators (NGs), which will inevitably promote the rapid development and widespread applications of next-generation wearable electronics and multifaceted artificial intelligence systems. NGs endow smart textiles with mechanical energy harvesting and multifunctional self-powered sensing capabilities, while textiles provide a versatile flexible design carrier and extensive wearable application platform for their development. However, due to the lack of an effective interactive platform and communication channel between researchers specializing in NGs and those good at textiles, it is rather difficult to achieve fiber/fabric-based NGs with both excellent electrical output properties and outstanding textile-related performances. To this end, a critical review is presented on the current state of the arts of wearable fiber/fabric-based piezoelectric nanogenerators and triboelectric nanogenerators with respect to basic classifications, material selections, fabrication techniques, structural designs, and working principles, as well as potential applications. Furthermore, the potential difficulties and tough challenges that can impede their large-scale commercial applications are summarized and discussed. It is hoped that this review will not only deepen the ties between smart textiles and wearable NGs, but also push forward further research and applications of future wearable fiber/fabric-based NGs.

Fiber/Fabric-Based Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Flexible/Stretchable and Wearable Electronics and Artificial Intelligence.

2D transition metal carbides or nitrides, known as MXenes, are a new family of 2D materials with close to 30 members experimentally synthesized and dozens more theoretically investigated. Because o...

MXene/Polymer Membranes: Synthesis, Properties, and Emerging Applications

Self-powered sensors are crucial in the field of wearable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, an organ-like Ti3C2Tx MXene/metal-organic framework-derived copper oxide (CuO) gas sensor was powered by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on latex and polytetrafluoroethylene for the detection of ammonia (NH3) at room temperature. The peak-to-peak value of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current generated by the prepared TENG can reach up to 810 V and 34 μA, respectively. The TENG can support a maximum peak power density of 10.84 W·m-2 and light at least 480 LEDs. Moreover, a flexible TENG under a single-electrode working mode was demonstrated for human movement stimulation, which exhibits great potential in wearable devices. The self-powered NH3 sensor driven by TENG has an excellent response (Vg/Va = 24.8 @ 100 ppm) at room temperature and exhibits a great potential in monitoring pork quality. Ti3C2Tx MXene and CuO were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS to analyze the properties of the materials. The NH3 sensing performance of the self-powered sensor based on MXene/CuO was greatly improved, and the mechanism of the enhanced sensing properties was systematically discussed.

Multifunctional Latex/Polytetrafluoroethylene-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Organ-like MXene/Metal–Organic Framework-Derived CuO Nanohybrid Ammonia Sensor

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3D MXene Architectures for Efficient Energy Storage and Conversion

Sensors are becoming increasingly significant in our daily life because of the rapid development in electronic and information technologies, including Internet of Things, wearable electronics, home automation, intelligent industry, etc. There is no doubt that their performances are primarily determined by the sensing materials. Among all potential candidates, layered nanomaterials with two-dimensional (2D) planar structure have numerous superior properties to their bulk counterparts which are suitable for building various high-performance sensors. As an emerging 2D material, MXenes possess several advantageous features of adjustable surface properties, tunable bandgap, and excellent mechanical strength, making them attractive in various applications. Herein, we particularly focus on the recent research progress in MXene-based sensors, discuss the merits of MXenes and their derivatives as sensing materials for collecting various signals, and try to elucidate the design principles and working mechanisms of the corresponding MXene-based sensors, including strain/stress sensors, gas sensors, electrochemical sensors, optical sensors, and humidity sensors. In the end, we analyze the main challenges and future outlook of MXene-based materials in sensor applications.

Ti3C2TX MXene for Sensing Applications: Recent Progress, Design Principles, and Future Perspectives.

All-electrospun flexible triboelectric nanogenerator based on metallic MXene nanosheets

Self-reduction bimetallic nanoparticles on ultrathin MXene nanosheets as functional platform for pesticide sensing.

A multifunctional and highly flexible triboelectric nanogenerator based on MXene-enabled porous film integrated with laser-induced graphene electrode

Flexible freestanding graphene paper-based potentiometric enzymatic aptasensor for ultrasensitive wireless detection of kanamycin.

Ochratoxins are the major components of mycotoxin that exist extensively in plant origin food. In the ochratoxins group, ochratoxin A (OTA) as the most toxic compound, which possesses a high chemical and thermal stability in foodstuff and would do harm to human beings. Hence, it is imperative to develop a simple, rapid, sensitive, robust, and accurate way to determine OTA. Nanomaterial-based biosensors seem to be ideal analysis tools for identifying OTA on account of their tremendous merits, such as high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, simplicity of operation, and rapidity. This review focuses on the application and development of nanomaterial-enabled biosensors in OTA detection in the past years (2007–2018). Three dominant signal transduction mechanisms, i.e. optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric, are discussed in details. Moreover, the major challenges and perspectives for future developments of OTA biosensors are also contained to provide an overview for the forthcoming research orientation.

Chengmei Jiang

Papers

All-electrospun flexible triboelectric nanogenerator based on metallic MXene nanosheets

Self-reduction bimetallic nanoparticles on ultrathin MXene nanosheets as functional platform for pesticide sensing.

A multifunctional and highly flexible triboelectric nanogenerator based on MXene-enabled porous film integrated with laser-induced graphene electrode

Flexible freestanding graphene paper-based potentiometric enzymatic aptasensor for ultrasensitive wireless detection of kanamycin.

Recent progress in application of nanomaterial-enabled biosensors for ochratoxin A detection