Showing papers by "Christian Berger published in 2015"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined early adolescents' likelihood of being classified into profiles involving aggressive and prosocial behavior, social status (popular, liked, cool), machiavellianism, and both affective and cognitive components of empathy (empathic concern and perspective taking, respectively).
Abstract: The present study tests whether aggression and prosocial behavior can coexist as part of a socially functional and adaptive profile among early adolescents. Using a person-centered approach, the study examined early adolescents’ likelihood of being classified into profiles involving aggressive and prosocial behavior, social status (popular, liked, cool), machiavellianism, and both affective and cognitive components of empathy (empathic concern and perspective taking, respectively). Participants were 1170 early adolescents (10–12 years of age; 52 % male) from four schools in metropolitan Santiago, Chile. Through latent profile analysis, three profiles emerged (normative-low aggressive, high prosocial-low aggressive, and high aggressive-high popular status). Both empathic concern and perspective taking were higher in the high prosocial-low aggressive profile, whereas the high aggressive-high popular status profile had the lowest scores on both empathy components as well as machiavellianism. No profile emerged where aggressive and prosocial behaviors were found to co-exist, or to be significantly above the mean. The results underscore that aggressive behavior is highly contextual and likely culturally specific, and that the study of behavioral profiles should consider social status as well as socio-emotional adjustment indicators. These complex associations should be taken into consideration when planning prevention and intervention efforts to reduce aggression or school bullying and to promote positive peer relationships.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the impact of stratifying forest data into three classes (broadleaved, coniferous and mixed forest) and compared the performance of the strata-specific prediction models over the unstratified ones.
60 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The results underscore that aggressive behavior is highly contextual and likely culturally specific, and that the study of behavioral profiles should consider social status as well as socio-emotional adjustment indicators.
Abstract: The present study tests whether aggression and prosocial behavior can coexist as part of a socially functional and adaptive profile among early adolescents. Using a person-centered approach, the study examined early adolescents’ likelihood of being classified into profiles involving aggressive and prosocial behavior, social status (popular, liked, cool), machiavellianism, and both affective and cognitive components of empathy (empathic concern and perspective taking, respectively). Participants were 1170 early adolescents (10–12 years of age; 52 % male) from four schools in metropolitan Santiago, Chile. Through latent profile analysis, three profiles emerged (normative-low aggressive, high prosocial-low aggressive, and high aggressive-high popular status). Both empathic concern and perspective taking were higher in the high prosocial-low aggressive profile, whereas the high aggressive-high popular status profile had the lowest scores on both empathy components as well as machiavellianism. No profile emerged where aggressive and prosocial behaviors were found to co-exist, or to be significantly above the mean. The results underscore that aggressive behavior is highly contextual and likely culturally specific, and that the study of behavioral profiles should consider social status as well as socio-emotional adjustment indicators. These complex associations should be taken into consideration when planning prevention and intervention efforts to reduce aggression or school bullying and to promote positive peer relationships.
50 citations
TL;DR: The design and experimental realization of a type-II "W"-multiple quantum well heterostructure for emission in the λ > 1.2 μm range is presented and gain values comparable to those of type-I systems are obtained.
Abstract: The design and experimental realization of a type-II “W”-multiple quantum well heterostructure for emission in the λ > 1.2 μm range is presented. The experimental photoluminescence spectra for different excitation intensities are analyzed using microscopic quantum theory. On the basis of the good theory–experiment agreement, the gain properties of the system are computed using the semiconductor Bloch equations. Gain values comparable to those of type-I systems are obtained.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the excitonic transitions of the type-II (GaIn)As/Ga(AsSb) gain medium of a W-laser structure were characterized experimentally by modulation spectroscopy and analyzed using microscopic quantum theory.
Abstract: The excitonic transitions of the type-II (GaIn)As/Ga(AsSb) gain medium of a “W”-laser structure are characterized experimentally by modulation spectroscopy and analyzed using microscopic quantum theory. On the basis of the very good agreement between the measured and calculated photoreflectivity, the type-I or type-II character of the observable excitonic transitions is identified. Whereas the energetically lowest three transitions exhibit type-II character, the subsequent energetically higher transitions possess type-I character with much stronger dipole moments. Despite the type-II character, the quantum-well structure exhibits a bright luminescence.
18 citations
11 Jun 2015
TL;DR: This study maps urban structure types of the city of Berlin on the basis of a prior land cover classification utilizing a synergistic approach of knowledge based classification and Random Forests and shows that UST classification based on a combination of prototype objects and Random forests is suitable to generate accurate UST maps for these areas with only minor adaptations.
Abstract: Each city exhibits recurring patterns consisting of similar building types, vegetation structures, and open spaces, enabling environmental and socio-economic investigations of the urban fabric In this study, urban structure types (UST) of the city of Berlin are mapped on the basis of a prior land cover classification utilizing a synergistic approach of knowledge based classification and Random Forests The results are then compared to the outcomes of a previous analysis regarding a subarea of the utilized high spatial resolution airborne data Results show that UST classification based on a combination of prototype objects and Random Forests is suitable to generate accurate UST maps for these areas with only minor adaptations Future analyses will focus on transferring the processes to different German cities and data of several sensors
10 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a fusion of airborne hyperspectral and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing data is performed to derive an urban surface material map to parameterize a 3D numerical microclimate model.
Abstract: This study focuses on the derivation of an urban surface material map to parameterize a 3D numerical microclimate model. For this purpose, fusion of airborne hyperspectral and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing data is performed. In a first step, surface materials are extracted from the preprocessed input datasets using a hybrid, three-stage classification approach. The resulting map is then utilized in combination with the LiDAR object height information data to parameterize the microclimate model. To demonstrate the potential of data-driven microclimate modeling, two case studies are presented for selected test sites in the City of Houston, Texas. The results of this study highlight that the synergistic combination of hyperspectral and LiDAR data enables reliable mapping of some of the key input parameters required for urban microclimate modeling. Moreover, classification-based microclimate simulations can reveal the thermal properties of urban neighborhoods under varying conditions and, thus, facilitate the identification of hot spot areas and critical land cover configurations.
6 citations
12 Mar 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify two perfiles of adolescentes admirados, i.e., agresividad and prosociality, as well as a perfil fuerte, which includes ademas of prosocialidad and the prominencia social.
Abstract: Con base en la creciente evidencia de la asociacion entre la agresividad y la prosocialidad con indicadores de estatus social, el presente estudio aborda la admiracion entre pares adolescentes como una manera de operacionalizar el estatus y evalua el potencial caracter funcional de estas conductas sociales. La hipotesis que guia este estudio es que en la medida en que la agresividad y la prosocialidad son caracteristicas valoradas en el contexto de pares (con base en su asociacion con el estatus), los adolescentes admirados, que pueden ejercer gran influencia sobre sus pares, seran aquellos que presenten este perfil. 274 estudiantes de 5o y 6o grado participaron del estudio. Los resultados muestran que la caracteristica con mayor presencia entre los adolescentes admirados es la prosocialidad y luego la prominencia social. Sin embargo, se identifican dos perfiles de adolescentes admirados, que se distinguen principalmente por la agresividad, el perfil fuerte incluye ademas de la prosocialidad y la prominencia social altos puntajes en agresividad y popularidad, mientras que el perfil denominado modelo integra ademas de la prosocialidad y la prominencia social niveles muy bajos de agresividad y puntajes promedio en popularidad. Se identifican ademas diferencias de genero en estos perfiles. Estos resultados son discutidos desde la perspectiva de las relaciones de pares y las posibles implicancias para el desarrollo tanto individual como grupal de los y las adolescentes.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the relationship between friendship networks and academic performance among third graders from one school in Santiago, Chile, and found a positive relationship between academic performance and number of friendship nominations received, and a higher probability of same-gender friendships.
Abstract: This study assesses the relationship between friendship networks and academic performance among third graders from one school in Santiago, Chile. Longitudinal social network analysis (RSiena) was used to test whether friendship selection is driven by academic performance and if befriended peers tend to influence each other on their academic performance, including gender as a covariate. Results show a positive relationship between academic performance and number of friendship nominations received, and a higher probability of same-gender friendships. Students with higher academic achievement are more likely to be nominated as friends, especially by peers with lower academic achievement. These results suggest that elementary students value high performance as a desirable characteristic in their friends.
5 citations
07 May 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between urban density indices and land surface temperature (LST) using multi-sensor remote sensing data was investigated for the City of Cologne, Germany using high resolution multi-spectral Ikonos imagery, as well as an object height model, derived from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and thermal information, provided by the Landsat 7 satellite mission.
Abstract: Cities worldwide cover only 2 % of earth`s surface but spend almost 75 % of the world`s energy resources (Gago et al 2013) The emission of heat and the structure of built-up areas can increase the phenomenon of urban heat islands (UHI), which highly infects the well-being of all inhabitants Future work will focus on monitoring capabilities to manage the development of urban settlements The study investigates the relationship between urban density indices and land surface temperature (LST) using multi-sensor remote sensing data All processing steps are performed for the City of Cologne, Germany The input data are consisting of high resolution multi-spectral Ikonos imagery, as well as an object height model, derived from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and thermal information, provided by the Landsat 7 satellite mission The first working step, the derivation of six land cover (LC) classes, is based on a geographic object based image analysis (GEOBIA) approach Therefore, LiDAR and pan-sharped Ikonos data with a spatial resolution of one meter are used In a second step, and based on the extracted LC and object height information, existing and new measures of urban density are computed, that take into account the horizontal and/or vertical characteristics of a city All measures are separated into single object related and area related indices, depending on the basis of calculation The significance of different Areas of Interests (AOI) are analyzed and compared for area related indices Finally, the correlation between multi-temporal LST data, derived from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+), and each indicator is calculated with regard to their dependency on the predominant type of urban land use (LU) and the acquisition date (season) of the Landsat ETM+ data
1 citations