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Voltage Stability Of Electric Power Systems

Smart grids, which constitute intelligent infrastructure in smart cities, provide reliable, energy-efficient, and high-quality power to improve the standard of living while maintaining a sustainable environment. For self-healing, restoration is considered an effective and intelligent way to ensure that parts of the system remain active and even reconfigure automatically with external failures or attacks. Restoration has recently received considerable attention from researchers and engineers. Regarding the technical route of restoration, this survey reveals some common properties and identifies the research gaps in modeling frameworks, reconfiguration technologies, and optimization approaches. It presents a summary of the challenges and opportunities in restoration of smart grids. It is expected to facilitate the researchers in the advancement of effective and intelligent restoration of smart grids.

Restoration of smart grids: Current status, challenges, and opportunities

This paper presents the findings of our investigation into inverter-based resource-(IBR-) driven blackstart of electric grids. Four potential black-start configurations with different setups are presented. To evaluate the technical feasibility of IBR-driven black start in the four configurations, a behavioral model of inverters that mimics current-limited inverter operation is developed using variable resistors in the MATLAB Simulink/Simscape environment. The inverter model is connected to an induction motor through transformers and a transmission line to simulate its startup. Simulation results show that even with the limited current supply capability of inverters because of their physical constraints, IBRs can black-start a motor under certain conditions. Results also show that by using soft-start techniques, such as ramped supply voltage, inrush currents can be reduced, thereby expanding the conditions under which IBRs can provide black-start support. Simulation results with different scenarios lead to discussions and key takeaways that could be valuable for further IBR-driven black-start research.

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Blackstart of Power Grids with Inverter-Based Resources

Short-term industrial reactive power forecasting

The penetration of distributed energy resources in electrical grids has been steadily increasing in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Inverters, as interfaces between distributed energy resources and grids, have become critical assets in modern power systems. In recent years, the development and application of grid-forming inverters have gained significant traction due to their capability of supporting power grid operations. A comprehensive review of grid-forming inverters is presented for power system applications. A comparison between grid-forming inverters and grid-following inverters is conducted in terms of their functionalities to highlight the potential of grid-forming inverter technologies in support of power system stability and resiliency. In addition, advanced control strategies integrated into grid-forming inverters under various operation conditions are presented through reviewing the innovations introduced in recent literature and in industrial applications. This paper is intended to provide an updated reference regarding grid-forming inverters for power system applications to researchers and practitioners in the field of power electronics. 

Review of Grid-forming Inverters in Support of Power System Operation

One of the most critical risks for modern societies is a largescale power system blackout. Critical infrastructure has emergency power supplies (e.g., nuclear power plants, hospitals, or communication infrastructure) to confront power outage situations. However, after about 8 h of a blackout, fuel supplies and battery capacities normally run out. Thus, it is of utmost importance to restore the power system as robustly and quickly as possible. This responsibility lies with the transmission system operators (TS Os), and it is in their best interest to rapidly accomplish it.

The Future of Power System Restoration: Using Distributed Energy Resources as a Force to Get Back Online

Three-stage power system restoration methodology considering renewable energies

The resilience (or resiliency) of a system is characterized by its resistive, anticipative, absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacities when facing adverse events Resilience is an umbrella term that goes beyond related concepts like robustness and protection, redundancy and fallback options, or reliability A system is considered resilient when it can provide a high level of service, even after highimpact, low-probability events For every system, resilience regarding a specific event can be analyzed by studying the system's performance over time

Blackouts, Restoration, and Islanding: A System Resilience Perspective

Modelling of Active Distribution Networks for Power System Restoration Studies

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/59/4374138/09913670.pdf

Christian Hachmann

Papers

The Future of Power System Restoration: Using Distributed Energy Resources as a Force to Get Back Online

Three-stage power system restoration methodology considering renewable energies

Blackouts, Restoration, and Islanding: A System Resilience Perspective

Modelling of Active Distribution Networks for Power System Restoration Studies

Methods for Analysis and Quantification of Power System Resilience