5.1. Detection Formats 475 5.2. Food Quality and Safety Analysis 477 5.2.1. Pathogens 477 5.2.2. Toxins 479 5.2.3. Veterinary Drugs 479 5.2.4. Vitamins 480 5.2.5. Hormones 480 5.2.6. Diagnostic Antibodies 480 5.2.7. Allergens 481 5.2.8. Proteins 481 5.2.9. Chemical Contaminants 481 5.3. Medical Diagnostics 481 5.3.1. Cancer Markers 481 5.3.2. Antibodies against Viral Pathogens 482 5.3.3. Drugs and Drug-Induced Antibodies 483 5.3.4. Hormones 483 5.3.5. Allergy Markers 483 5.3.6. Heart Attack Markers 484 5.3.7. Other Molecular Biomarkers 484 5.4. Environmental Monitoring 484 5.4.1. Pesticides 484 5.4.2. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 485 5.4.3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons 485 5.4.4. Heavy Metals 485 5.4.5. Phenols 485 5.4.6. Polychlorinated Biphenyls 487 5.4.7. Dioxins 487 5.5. Summary 488 6. Conclusions 489 7. Abbreviations 489 8. Acknowledgment 489 9. References 489

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors for Detection of Chemical and Biological Species

Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: a review.

Towards integrated and sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors: a review of recent progress.

We experimentally demonstrate extremely narrow plasmon resonances with half-width of just several nanometers in regular arrays of metallic nanoparticles. These resonances are observed at Rayleigh's cutoff wavelengths for Wood anomalies and based on diffraction coupling of localized plasmons. We show experimentally that reflection from an array of nanoparticles can be completely suppressed at certain wavelengths. As a result, our metal nanostructures exhibit pi-jump for the phase of the reflected light.

Extremely narrow plasmon resonances based on diffraction coupling of localized plasmons in arrays of metallic nanoparticles.

The design and application of sensors for monitoring biomolecules in clinical samples is a common goal of the sensing research community. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and other plasmonic techniques such as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and imaging SPR are reaching a maturity level sufficient for their application in monitoring biomolecules in clinical samples. In recent years, the first examples for monitoring antibodies, proteins, enzymes, drugs, small molecules, peptides, and nucleic acids in biofluids collected from patients afflicted with a series of medical conditions (Alzheimer’s, hepatitis, diabetes, leukemia, and cancers such as prostate and breast cancers, among others) demonstrate the progress of SPR sensing in clinical chemistry. This Perspective reviews the current status of the field, showcasing a series of early successes in the application of SPR for clinical analysis and detailing a series of considerations regarding sensing schemes, exposing issues with analysis in bioflui...

Surface Plasmon Resonance Clinical Biosensors for Medical Diagnostics

Interferometry that detects the phase of a beam reflected under surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been developed for bio and chemical sensing. The conditions have been found, under which the phase reveals abrupt jumps in response to a minute increase in the effective thickness of a receptor layer that binds analyte particles on the sensor surface. This forms the basis for biosensing with sensitivity much higher as compared to traditional SPR sensors. Besides, SPR interferometry (SPRI) provides spatial resolution at the micron scale. The enhanced sensitivity attributed to the phase jump and interferometric imaging of variations of the phase over the surface are demonstrated, which open up new avenues for micro-array biosensing.

Surface plasmon resonance interferometry for micro-array biosensing

Dark-field surface plasmon resonance microscopy

The infrared absorption of molecules in the vicinity of small metal clusters is enhanced due to an electric field around the clusters. This phenomenon is known as surface enhanced IR absorption (SEIRA). The potential of SEIRA consists in the investigation of thin layers and of membranes. SEIRA was used to detect small and specific changes in the structure of biomembranes applying two configurations: underlayer and overlayer. In the underlayer configuraiton, IR transparent Ge crystals were coated with Ag clusters before vesicles were adsorbed. In the overlayer configuration, the vesicles were first absorbed on neat Ge crystals before a layer of Ag clusters was condensed on top. An intensity increase in the SEIRA spectra was observed for both configurations compared to FTIR spectra without Ag clusters.

Surface enhanced FTIR spectroscopy on membranes

Um bei einer Anordnung zur optischen Messung von Stoffkonzentrationen die Messempfindlichkeit zu erhohen und um im IR-Bereich messen zu konnen, ist ein Messraum aus einem fur die zu messenden Teilchen selektiv permeierbaren, auf die Teilchen ruckwirkenden und fur die Messtrahlung transparenten Stoff vorgesehen, der in Wirkverbindung mit dem Messobjekt steht und der von der Messtrahlung durchstrahlt ist.

Christian Kuhne

Papers

Surface plasmon resonance interferometry for micro-array biosensing

Dark-field surface plasmon resonance microscopy

Surface enhanced FTIR spectroscopy on membranes

Anordnung zur optischen Messung von Stoffkonzentrationen

Investigation on native vesicles containing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor using FTIR-spectroscopy