This paper introduces a review article on indoor localization techniques and technologies. The paper starts with current localization systems and summarizes comparisons between these systems in terms of accuracy, cost, advantages, and disadvantages. Also, the paper presents different detection techniques and compare them in terms of accuracy and cost. Finally, localization methods and algorithms, including angle of arrival (AOA), time of arrival (TOA), and recived signal strength (RSS) are introduced. The study contains concepts, requirements, and specifications for each category of methods presents pros and cons for investigated methods, and conducts comparisons between them.

/pdf/a-review-of-indoor-localization-techniques-and-wireless-99jk5etowd.pdf

A Review of Indoor Localization Techniques and Wireless Technologies

Inertial/magnetic sensors based pedestrian dead reckoning by means of multi-sensor fusion

The availability of a reliable and accurate indoor positioning system (IPS) for emergency responders during on-duty missions is regarded as an essential tool to improve situational awareness of both the emergency responders and the incident commander. This tool would facilitate the mission planning, coordination, and accomplishment, as well as decrease the number of on-duty deaths. Due to the absence of global positioning system signal in indoor environments, many other signals and sensors have been proposed for indoor usage. However, the challenging scenarios faced by emergency responders imply explicit restrictions and requirements on the design of an IPS, making the use of some technologies, techniques, and methods inadequate on these scenarios. This survey identifies the specific requirements of an IPS for emergency responders and provides a tutorial coverage of the localization techniques and methods, highlighting the pros and cons of their use. Then, the existing IPSs specifically developed for emergency scenarios are reviewed and compared with a focus on the design choices, requirements, and additional features. By doing so, an overview of current IPS schemes as well as their performance is given. Finally, we discuss the main issues of the existing IPSs and some future directions.

Localization and Positioning Systems for Emergency Responders: A Survey

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are gaining tremendous importance thanks to their broad range of commercial applications such as in smart home automation, health-care and industrial automation. In these applications multi-vendor and heterogeneous sensor nodes are deployed. Due to strict administrative control over the specific WSN domains, communication barriers, conflicting goals and the economic interests of different WSN sensor node vendors, it is difficult to introduce a large scale federated WSN. By allowing heterogeneous sensor nodes in WSNs to coexist on a shared physical sensor substrate, virtualization in sensor network may provide flexibility, cost effective solutions, promote diversity, ensure security and increase manageability. This paper surveys the novel approach of using the large scale federated WSN resources in a sensor virtualization environment. Our focus in this paper is to introduce a few design goals, the challenges and opportunities of research in the field of sensor network virtualization as well as to illustrate a current status of research in this field. This paper also presents a wide array of state-of-the art projects related to sensor network virtualization.

A Survey on Virtualization of Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent developments in domains of ambient intelligence (AmI), Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems (CPS), ubiquitous/pervasive computing, etc., have led to numerous attempts to apply ICT solutions in the occupational safety and health (OSH) area. A literature review reveals a wide range of examples of smart materials, smart personal protective equipment and other AmI applications that have been developed to improve workers' safety and health. Because the use of these solutions modifies work methods, increases complexity of production processes and introduces high dynamism into thus created smart working environments (SWE), a new conceptual framework for dynamic OSH management in SWE is called for. A proposed framework is based on a new paradigm of OSH risk management consisting of real-time risk assessment and the capacity to monitor the risk level of each worker individually. A rationale for context-based reasoning in SWE and a respective model of the SWE-dedicated CPS are also proposed.

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10803548.2016.1214431

Towards a conceptual framework of OSH risk management in smart working environments based on smart PPE, ambient intelligence and the Internet of Things technologies

http://te.ugm.ac.id/~widyawan/files/papers/lifeline.pdf

Virtual lifeline: Multimodal sensor data fusion for robust navigation in unknown environments

Content Centric Networking (CCN) has been recently proposed as a potential candidate for the future Internet architecture. It allows users to focus on the data they are interested in, rather than having to connect to a specific physical host where the data locates. CCN is claimed to inherently support mobility. While this is true for content receivers, source mobility as well as handovers still remain a challenging tasks in CCN. This paper proposes a novel handover prediction mechanism based on received signal strength (RSS), delay and handover cost using the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX). We first introduce a mathematical model using Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to solve the handover decision problem assuming that the mobility scenario is known. This ILP model minimizes the overall cost over the considered time period including the cost of handover and the cost of using a certain network. The ILP model guarantees an optimal handover solution, which is then used to train the NARX. After the learning phase, the NARX can automatically make the handover decision based on RSS and delay information. The performance evaluation shows that our new mechanism can avoid the ``ping-pong" effect usually seen in threshold-based approaches, and also outperforms the threshold-based handover in terms of delay, which results in a better Quality of Service.

A Novel Handover Prediction Scheme in Content Centric Networking Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous Model

Multipath routes in wireless multihop ad hoc networks have proven to increase performance compared to single path routing when providing backup paths in case of path failures and also distributing flows (i.e. data traffic) among several paths. The drawback of using multipath simultaneously in wireless multihop ad hoc networks is that the other nodes in the network located in the other active paths may interfere with their own communications, degrading the effective throughput.



This work proposes an analytical model to find multiple non-interfering routes or routes with minimum interference between a source and a destination in a given network topology. These types of routing paths are called Radio Disjoint Multipath (RDM) routes. Compared to the previous work, this work pioneers the use of models to determine interference free routes in a wireless multihop ad hoc network considering two criteria: the mutual interference of each path and the background traffic load of the path. Further, simulation results are taken by implementing RDM routes in 802.11 based multihop ad hoc networks. Both analytical and simulation results are obtained and analysed for different network scenarios that use RDM routes by distributing packets of a single flow among multiple RDM paths. Analytical results show that the sustainable throughput can be doubled when using RDM paths for unidirectional flows. Simulation results also show that throughput can be improved with RDM routes by a factor of 1.5 and 1.8 in some cases, when using uni-and bidirectional UDP flows, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Performance evaluation of radio disjoint multipath routing

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been used mainly to collect environmental data and send it to a base station. Routing protocols are needed to efficiently direct the information to the base station. Most of the available routing protocols are designed for conventional WSN applications, where small volume data transmission is required and low power consumption is the fundamental. Support to mobility is generally out of interest, since in most scenarios sensor nodes are static after being deployed. However, in fire fighting rescue scenarios, WSN routing protocols are expected to be able to adapt to change of network topology (caused by nodes failure and fire fighters’ movement) rapidly. Moreover, routing protocols should be capable to transmit relatively large volume data (e.g. short voice message) without losing efficiency and reliability. In this paper we propose a broadcasting based communication protocol, which is dedicated to the fire fighting rescue scenarios under the framework of a European project wearIT@work. This protocol is applied to building up a virtual lifeline for fire fighters. The protocol is evaluated through experimental tests and simulations using variant scenarios. Performance metrics such as packet transmission time, jitter and packet loss rate are considered. Results show that our broadcasting based communication protocol is able to fulfill the requirements and is more suitable to fire fighting rescue scenarios.

Chunlei An

Papers

Virtual lifeline: Multimodal sensor data fusion for robust navigation in unknown environments

A Novel Handover Prediction Scheme in Content Centric Networking Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous Model

Performance evaluation of radio disjoint multipath routing

Virtual Sensor Network Lifeline for Communications in Fire Fighting Rescue Scenarios

A Cognitive Glove Sensor Network for Fire Fighters.