A large body of evidence was compiled in the recent decades showing a noteworthy increase in the detection of pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic ecosystems Due to its ubiquitous presence, chemical nature, and practical purpose, this type of contaminant can exert toxic effects in nontarget organisms Exposure to pharmaceutical drugs can result in adaptive alterations, such as changes in tissues, or in key homeostatic mechanisms, such as antioxidant mechanisms, biochemical/physiological pathways, and cellular damage These alterations can be monitored to determine the impact of these compounds on exposed aquatic organisms Among pharmaceutical drugs in the environment, antibiotics are particularly important because they include a variety of substances widely used in medical and veterinary practice, livestock production, and aquaculture This wide use constitutes a decisive factor contributing for their frequent detection in the aquatic environment Tetracyclines are the individual antibiotic subclass with the second highest frequency of detection in environmental matrices The characterization of the potential ecotoxicological effects of tetracycline is a much-required task; to attain this objective, the present study assessed the acute toxic effects of tetracycline in the freshwater fish species Gambusia holbrooki by the determination of histological changes in the gills and liver, changes in antioxidant defense [glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and lipoperoxidative damage] as well as potential neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity) The obtained results suggest the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the exposure to tetracycline and histological alterations (more specifically in gills) and enzymatic activity (particularly the enzyme CAT in liver and GST in gills) indicating that this compound can exert a pro-oxidative activity

Acute effects of tetracycline exposure in the freshwater fish Gambusia holbrooki: antioxidant effects, neurotoxicity and histological alterations.

Histological alterations in gills and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to the antibiotic oxytetracycline.

The study investigates the relationship between rapid serial naming and phoneme awareness, and reading and spelling ability. Participants were 146 North-American children and adolescents varying in age from seven to 18 years. Approximately half of the participants (N = 71) had reading difficulties. The results suggest that rapid serial naming contributes variation to reading and spelling ability that is independent of the contribution of phoneme awareness. However, relative to this skill, rapid serial naming makes a rather modest contribution to learning to read and spell in an alphabetic writing system. Further analyses suggested that rapid serial naming is particularly important for the development of the ability to read texts rapidly and accurately, whereas phoneme awareness is particularly important for the development of the ability to read by phonological recoding, that is, by translating letters or group of letters into their phonological codes. Finally, there was little indication that the role played by either phoneme awareness or rapid serial naming interacts with age or reading ability

Qual a Contribuio da Nomeao Seriada Rpida para a Habilidade de Leitura e Escrita?: Evidncia de Crianas e Adolescentes com e sem Dificuldades de Leitura

O presente estudo objetivou explorar a relacao entre compreensao em leitura e desempenho escolar em alunos do ensino fundamental de escolas publicas. Participaram 434 estudantes matriculados nas 5a, 6a, 7a e 8a series. Aplicou-se, coletivamente, o Teste de Cloze. As notas escolares das disciplinas de portugues e matematica foram obtidas junto as secretarias de cada instituicao. Os resultados revelaram associacao entre compreensao em leitura e desempenho escolar. Alunos que demonstraram melhor compreensao textual tambem apresentavam desempenho escolar mais satisfatorio em ambas as disciplinas. Esses dados foram discutidos a luz das implicacoes positivas que a compreensao em leitura tem para a aprendizagem de diferentes conteudos escolares.

/pdf/lectura-y-desempeno-escolar-en-portugues-y-matematicas-en-la-1qot95oek3.pdf

Lectura y desempeño escolar en portugués y matemáticas en la enseñanza fundamental

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of two oral administered antibiotics (Rifampicin and Tetracycline) on some physiological parameters in the serum of male albino rats. Histopathological alterations in liver and kidney were also examined. Data showed that treatment of rats with rifampicin caused a significant increase in the total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels, while HDL-cholesterol level showed a significant decrease. Moreover, significant increases in serum AST, ALT, bilirubin and urea were observed. Also, the levels of the total protein, albumin and alpha 1-globulin were significantly decreased. No significant changes were recorded in the rest of the globulin fractions (alpha 2-, beta- and gamma-globulin) and albumin/globulin ratio (A/G) as well as creatinine level. In the serum of tetracycline-treated rats, the triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, AST, ALT, bilirubin, urea, creatinine and gamma-globulin levels increased significantly. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin levels and A/G ratio showed significant decreases. No significant changes in the total cholesterol, alpha 2- and beta-globulin levels were detected. Histological examination of the liver and kidney in the rifampicin-treated rats indicated that the liver pathology includes necrosis of hepatocytes, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and distended sinusoids with some lymphatic aggregations. In the kidney, the glomeruli increased in size, the mesangial matrix was expanded and the renal tubules were degenerated. Histological analysis of liver samples of tetracycline – treated rats revealed high vacuolation of the cytoplasm of hepatic cells, sinusoidal dilation, hepatocellular necrosis and disappearance of the cell membrane in some hepatocytes. The kidney sections of rats treated with tetracycline showed shrinkage of the glomeruli, widening of the Bowman’s space, in addition to necrosis and vacuolation of the renal tubules.

Influence of rifampicin and tetracycline administration on some biochemical and histological parameters in albino rats

TEMA: Programa de Remediacao Fonologica e Leitura no disturbio de aprendizagem. OBJETIVO: verificar a eficacia terapeutica do Programa de Remediacao Fonologica e Leitura em escolares com disturbio de aprendizagem. METODO: participaram deste estudo 40 escolares, sendo que estes foram divididos em: GI, subdivididos em GIE (10 escolares sem dificuldade de aprendizagem submetidos ao Programa de Remediacao Fonologica e leitura), GIC (10 escolares sem dificuldade de aprendizagem nao submetidos ao Programa de Remediacao Fonologica e Leitura) e GII, subdividido em GIIE (10 escolares com disturbio de aprendizagem submetidos ao Programa de Remediacao Fonologica e Leitura), GIIC (10 escolares com disturbio de aprendizagem nao submetidos ao Programa de Remediacao Fonologica e Leitura). Como procedimento foi aplicado o Teste de Desempenho Cognitivo-Linguistico, em situacao de pre e pos-testagem antes da realizacao do Programa de Remediacao Fonologica e Leitura. RESULTADOS: os resultados evidenciaram diferenca estatisticamente significante entre os GIE e GIC e GIIE e GIIC indicando que os escolares submetidos ao programa obtiveram melhor desempenho em situacao de pos-testagem se comparado a pre-testagem. CONCLUSAO: a realizacao deste estudo evidenciou que o Programa de Remediacao Fonologica e Leitura foi eficaz, pois proporcionou melhora na percepcao, producao e manipulacao dos sons e silabas, interferindo diretamente na habilidade de leitura e compreensao dos escolares com disturbio de aprendizagem.

/pdf/eficacia-do-programa-de-remediacao-fonologica-e-leitura-no-4zvtgi1aip.pdf

Eficácia do programa de remediação fonológica e leitura no distúrbio de aprendizagem

/pdf/desempenho-cognitivo-linguistico-de-escolares-de-1a-a-4a-3dts8pl3ix.pdf

Desempenho cognitivo: lingüístico de escolares de 1ª a 4ª séries do ensino público municipal

Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciencias Departamento de Fonoaudiologia

/pdf/correlacao-entre-habilidades-basicas-de-leitura-e-57687arv5j.pdf

Correlação entre habilidades básicas de leitura e compreensão de leitura

BACKGROUND: the Phonological and Reading Remediation Program in learning disabilities. AIM: to verify therapeutic effectiveness of the Phonological and Reading Remediation Program in students with learning disabilities. METHOD: participants of this study were 40 students who were divided in the following groups: GI, subdivided in: GIE (10 students without learning disabilities submitted to the Phonological and Reading Remediation Program), GIC (10 students without learning disabilities who were not submitted to the Phonological and Reading Remediation Program); and GII, subdivided in: GIIE (10 students with learning disabilities submitted to the Phonological and Reading Remediation Program), GIIC (10 students with learning disabilities who were not submitted to the Phonological and Reading Remediation Program). As a procedure, in pre and post testing situations, the Cognitive-Linguistic Performance Test was applied. RESULTS: the results showed statistically significant differences between GIE and GIC and between GIIE and GIIC, indicating that students who were submitted to the Program presented better performances in the post testing condition when compared to the pre-testing condition. CONCLUSION: this study showed that the Phonological and Reading Remediation Program was effective. The use of the Program improved perception, production and manipulation of sounds and syllables, interfering directly on the reading skills and comprehension of students with learning disabilities.

/pdf/efficacy-of-the-reading-and-phonological-remediation-program-401uykyprw.pdf

Efficacy of the reading and phonological remediation program in learning disabilities

OBJETIVOS: comparar e caracterizar o desempenho de escolares com Transtorno de Deficit de Atencao e Hiperatividade (TDAH) em tarefas metalinguisticas e de leitura com escolares sem queixa de transtornos comportamentais e/ou de aprendizagem. METODO: participaram vinte escolares do 4o ao 8o ano do ensino fundamental, sendo catorze escolares do sexo masculino e seis do sexo feminino, na faixa etaria de 9 a 13 anos. Os escolares foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo o GI composto por dez escolares com diagnostico interdisciplinar de TDAH e o GII composto por dez escolares sem queixa de transtornos comportamentais e/ou de aprendizagem, pareados com os escolares do GI de acordo com a idade e o nivel escolar. Foi utilizado como procedimento a aplicacao de protocolo com provas de habilidades metalinguisticas e de leitura de palavras reais e pseudopalavras. RESULTADOS: houve diferenca estatisticamente significante entre os grupos nas tarefas de manipulacao silabica e fonemica, como tambem nas provas de leitura de palavras reais referentes a leitura de palavras regulares e palavras irregulares, bem como para as pseudopalavras. CONCLUSAO: os escolares com Transtorno de Deficit de Atencao e Hiperatividade apresentaram desempenho inferior nas tarefas consideradas mais complexas, como a manipulacao de silabas e fonemas e na leitura de palavras irregulares, que exigem retencao, analise e recuperacao de informacao. As dificuldades apresentadas nessas habilidades pelos escolares com Transtorno de Deficit de Atencao e Hiperatividade podem ser atribuidas nao a um deficit primario, mas como um fenomeno secundario a desatencao que interferem de forma direta em seu desempenho.

/pdf/desempenho-de-escolares-com-transtorno-de-deficit-de-atencao-3mba1mm9z7.pdf

Cláudia da Silva

Papers

Eficácia do programa de remediação fonológica e leitura no distúrbio de aprendizagem

Desempenho cognitivo: lingüístico de escolares de 1ª a 4ª séries do ensino público municipal

Correlação entre habilidades básicas de leitura e compreensão de leitura

Efficacy of the reading and phonological remediation program in learning disabilities

Desempenho de escolares com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade em tarefas metalinguisticas e de leitura